wiggle和wriggle有什么区别？【英语吧】_百度贴吧
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wiggle和wriggle有什么区别？收藏
英语构词够艹蛋了
登录百度帐号推荐应用Reverse-engineered from the Verb Index
(http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/levin.html)
'English Verb Classes And Alternations:
A Preliminary Investigation'
by Beth Levin
published by The University of Chicago Press,
(C) 1993 University of Chicago.
--------- ALTERNATION CLASSES : Chapters 1 through 8 ---------
(Each verb is in at least one of these classes,
in addition to the Verb Classes 9-57)
NOTE: Chapters 1 through 8 below may include
in each Alternation list:
BOTH verbs that are subcategorized
to undergo the alternation
AND verbs that are subcategorized
NOT to undergo the alternation.
These differences are NOT marked here,
since they're not marked in the Verb
Index it came from.
Therefore, BEWARE! Test verbs BEFORE
deciding they are grammatical with the
alternation.
---------------------------------------------
Causative/Inchoative Alternation
abate accelerate acetify acidify administer advance age
agglomerate air alkalify allocate allot alter ameliorate
americanize annihilate appear arise assassinate assign
atrophy attenuate awake awaken award balance bang bash batter
beat belt bend bequeath birch bite blacken blast blitz
bludgeon blunt blur bonk bore bounce brain break brighten
broaden brown bruise bump burn burst butcher butt calcify
cane capsize caramelize carbonify carbonize caress carve cede
change char cheapen cheer chill chip chop claw clean clear
clip clobber clog close club coagulate coarsen coil collapse
collect come compress concede condense conk contract
contribute cool corrode cosh crack crash crease crimson
crinkle crisp crop crucify crumble crumple crush crystallize
cube cudgel cuff cut dampen darken dash dawn de-escalate
decelerate decentralize decimate decompose decrease deepen
deflate defrost degenerate degrade dehumidify delight
demagnetize democratize demolish dent depressurize desiccate
destabilize destroy deteriorate detonate devastate dice die
dim diminish dirty disappear disburse disintegrate dispatch
dissipate dissolve distend distribute divide donate double
drain drift drill drop drum dry dull ease electrocute
eliminate emanate emerge empty emulsify energize enlarge
ensue enthuse equalize erupt evaporate even eventuate evolve
execute expand expire explode extend exterminate extirpate
fade fatten federate feed file fill fillet firm flatten float
flog flood flow fold forfeit fossilize fracture fray freeze
freshen frost fructify fuse garrotte gash gasify gelatinize
give gladden glide glutenize gouge grant granulate grate gray
graze green grieve grind grow guarantee gush hack halt hammer
hang happen harden harmonize hasten heal heat heighten hew
hit humidify hush hybridize ignite immolate improve increase
incubate inflate intensify iodize ionize issue kick kill
kindle kiss knife knock lapse lash lease leave lend lengthen
lessen level levitate lick light lighten lignify liquefy
liquidate loan loop loose loosen macerate madden magnetize
magnify mangle mash massacre materialize mature mellow melt
mince moisten move mow muddy multiply murder narrow neaten
neutralize nick nitrify notch nudge obliterate obsess occur
offer open operate ossify overturn owe oxidize paddle
paddywhack pale pass pat paw pay peck peddle perforate perish
petrify pinch plop poison polarize pop pound prod proffer
proliferate promise propagate prune pulverize pummel punch
purify purple putrefy puzzle quadruple quicken quiet quieten
rap ravage raze recur redden refer refund regularize
reimburse rekindle relinquish remit render rent reopen repay
reproduce restore result return revolve rip ripen rise roll
rotate roughen round ruin rumple rupture sacrifice sadden saw
scorch scrape scratch sear sell serve sharpen shatter shoot
short short-circuit shorten shred shrink shrivel shut sicken
silicify silver singe sink slack slacken slap slash slaughter
slay slice slide slim slit slow slug smack smarten smash
smooth smother snap snip soak sober sock soften solidify sour
spank spear spin splay splinter split sprout squash squish
stab stabilize steady steal steep steepen stem stiffen sting
straighten strangle strap stratify stream strengthen stretch
strike stroke submerge submit subside supervene surge
surrender swat sweeten swing swipe tame tamp tan tap taper
tauten tear tense thaw thicken thin thrash thrill thump
thwack tickle tighten tilt tire topple touch toughen trade
transfer transpire triple truncheon turn twirl twist ulcerate
unfold unionize vanish vaporize vary vibrate vitrify
volatilize vote waken wallop warm warp waste wax weaken weary
westernize whack whip whirl whisk whiten widen will wind
worry worsen wreck wrinkle yellow yield
Induced Action Alternation
canter drive fly gallop jump leap march race run swim trot
Other Instances of Causative Alternation
asphyxiate bang beam beep bivouac blare bleed blink board
burp buzz choke clack clang clash clatter click dangle drown
flash fly hang hoot jangle jingle lean lodge perch rest ring
rustle settle shelter shine sit squeak squeal squirt stand
stifle suffocate swing tinkle twang
Substance/Source Alternation
belch bleed bubble dribble drip drool emanate exude gush leak
ooze pour puff radiate seep shed spew spout sprout spurt
squirt steam stream sweat
Unspecified Object Alternation
bake carve chop clean cook crochet draw drink dust eat
embroider fish hum hunt iron knead knit mend milk mow nurse
pack paint play plow polish read recite sculpt sew sing
sketch sow study sweep teach type vacuum wash weave whittle
Understood Body-Part Object Alternation
arch bare bark bat beat bite blink blow bob braid break
bruise brush bump burn chip clap clench click clip close cock
coldcream comb condition crane crimp crook crop cross curl
cut drum dye file flap flash flex flick floss flutter fold
fracture gnash grind hang henna hunch hurt injure kick knit
lather manicure nick nod open part perm plait pluck point
powder prick pucker pull purse raise rinse roll rouge rub
rupture scald scratch set shake shampoo shave show shrug
shuffle skin smack snap soap split sprain squint stamp strain
stretch stub talc tease toss towel trim turn twiddle twist
twitch wag waggle wash wave wiggle wink wring wrinkle
Understood Reflexive Object Alternation
bark bathe bite bob braid break bruise brush bump burn change
chip clip coldcream comb condition cram crimp crop curl curry
cut disrobe dress dye exercise file floss fracture groom
henna hurt injure jam jerk lather load manicure nick pack
part perm plait pluck powder preen prick primp pull rinse
rouge rupture scald scratch set shampoo shave shower skin
soap split sprain strain strip stub talc tease towel trim
turn twist undress wash wave yank
Understood Reciprocal Object Alternation
agree argue banter bargain battle bicker box brawl chat
chatter chitchat clash coexist collaborate collide combat
commiserate communicate compete concur confabulate confer
conflict consort consult converse cooperate correspond court
cross cuddle date debate dicker differ disagree dispute
dissent divorce duel elope embrace feud fight flirt gab
gossip haggle hobnob hug intersect jest joke joust kiss marry
mate meet mingle miss mix neck negotiate nuzzle pair pass pet
play plot quarrel quibble rap rendezvous schmooze scuffle
skirmish spar spat speak spoon squabble struggle talk tilt
touch tussle vie visit war wrangle wrestle yak
PRO-arb Object Alternation
abash admonish advise affect afflict affront aggravate
agitate agonize alarm alert alienate amaze amuse anger annoy
antagonize appall appease arouse assuage astonish astound awe
baffle beguile bewilder bewitch boggle bore bother bug calm
captivate caution chagrin charm cheer chill comfort concern
confound confuse console content convince counsel cow crush
cut daunt daze dazzle deject delight demolish demoralize
depress devastate disappoint disarm discombobulate discomfit
discompose disconcert discourage disgrace disgruntle disgust
dishearten disillusion dismay dispirit displease disquiet
dissatisfy distract distress disturb dumbfound elate
electrify embarrass embolden enchant encourage engage engross
enlighten enliven enrage enrapture entertain enthrall enthuse
entice entrance exasperate excite exhaust exhilarate
fascinate faze flabbergast flatter floor fluster frighten
frustrate gall galvanize gladden gratify grieve harass haunt
hearten horrify humble humiliate hurt hypnotize impress
incense infuriate inspire instruct insult interest intimidate
intoxicate intrigue invigorate irk irritate jar jollify jolt
lull madden mesmerize miff mollify mortify move muddle
mystify nauseate nettle numb obsess offend outrage overawe
overwhelm pacify pain peeve perplex perturb pique placate
plague please preoccupy provoke puzzle rankle reassure
refresh relax relieve repel repulse revitalize revolt rile
ruffle sadden satisfy scandalize scare shake shame shock
sicken sober solace soothe spellbind spook stagger startle
stimulate sting stir strike stump stun stupefy surprise
tantalize tease tempt terrify terrorize threaten thrill throw
tickle tire titillate torment touch transport trouble try
unnerve unsettle uplift upset vex warn weary worry wound wow
Characteristic Property of Agent Alternation
bite butt itch kick pinch prick scratch sting
Characteristic Property of Instrument Alternation
clip cook cut hammer pinch prick record scratch slice sting write
"way" Object Alternation
press push shove
Instructional Imperative
attach bake beat boil cook cover mix pour put remove set stir
Conative Alternation
airmail annihilate bang bash batter beat belt bend birch bite
blitz bludgeon bolt bonk bore bounce brain break bruise bump
butt cane caress carve chew chip chomp chop claw clip clobber
club conk consume convey cosh crack crash crease crinkle crop
crumple crunch crush cube cudgel cuff cut dab dash decimate
deliver demolish dent destroy devastate devour dice dig
dispatch draw drill drink drum eat express exterminate
extirpate FedEx file fillet float flog fold forward fracture
gash gnaw gobble gouge grate graze grind gulp guzzle hack
hammer hand heave hew hit imbibe ingest jab jerk kick kiss
knife knock lash lick mail mangle mash mince move mow munch
nibble nick notch nudge obliterate paddle paddywhack pass pat
paw peck perforate pick pinch poke port post pound press prod
prune pull pulverize pummel punch push quaff rap ravage raze
return rip roll rub ruin rumple saw scrape scratch send
shatter shift ship shoot shove shred shunt sip slap slash
slice slide slip slit slug slurp smack smash smuggle snap
sneak snip sock spank spear splash splinter split spray
squash squirt squish stab stick sting strap strike stroke
suck swab swallow swat swig swill swipe tamp tap tear thrash
thrust thump thwack tickle touch transfer transport truncheon
tug UPS wallop waste whack whip whisk wolf wreck wrinkle yank
Locative Preposition Drop Alternation
arrive ascend bicycle bike bounce canoe canter climb coil
come cross depart descend drift drop escape flee float fly
gallop glide go hike jeep jog jump leap leave move prowl raft
ramble return revolve ride roam roll rotate rove row run sail
shoot skate ski slide spin stroll swim swing traipse tramp
travel trudge turn twirl twist vault wade walk wander whirl
"with" Preposition Drop Alternation
agree argue banter bargain battle bicker box brawl chat
chatter chitchat clash coexist collaborate collide combat
commiserate communicate compete concur confabulate confer
conflict consort consult converse cooperate correspond court
cuddle date debate dicker differ disagree dispute dissent
divorce duel elope embrace feud fight flirt gab gossip haggle
hobnob hug jest joke joust kiss marry mate meet mingle mix
neck negotiate nuzzle pair pass pet play plot quarrel quibble
rap rendezvous schmooze scuffle skirmish spar spat speak
spoon squabble struggle talk tilt tussle vie visit war
wrangle wrestle yak
Dative Alternation
accord acknowledge address adjudge adjudicate administer
admit adopt advance allege allocate allot announce anoint
appoint articulate ask assert assign assume avow award babble
baptize barge bark bash bat bawl bear begrudge believe bellow
bequeath bet bill bleat bode boom bounce brand bray bring
broadcast bunt burble bus cable cackle call carol carry cart
catapult cede chant charge chatter chirp christen chuck cite
cluck communicate concede confess consecrate consider
contribute convey coo cost credit croak croon crow crown cry
declare decree deem delegate deliver demonstrate denounce
deny describe designate dictate dispatch display distribute
donate drag drawl drive drone drop dub e-mail elect elucidate
entrust envy esteem exhibit explain explicate express extend
fancy fax feed ferry find fine flash flick fling flip float
fly forbid forfeit forgive forward furnish gabble gibber give
grant groan growl grumble grunt guarantee hand haul heave
heft hiss hit hoist holler hoot howl hurl illustrate imagine
introduce issue jabber judge kick label lease leave lend lift
lilt lisp loan lob lower lug mail make mark mention moan
modem mulct mumble murmur mutter name narrate netmail
nickname nominate offer ordain overcharge owe pass pay peddle
phone pitch portray pose post preach present presume proclaim
profess proffer promise pronounce propose prove provide pull
punt purr push quote radio rage raise rasp rate read recite
reckon recommend recount refer refund refuse reimburse relay
remit render rent repay repeat report restore return reveal
roar roll row rule rumble sacrifice satellite save say schlep
scream screech sell semaphore send serve ship shoot shout
shove show shriek shuttle sign signal sing slam slap slide
sling slip smuggle snap snarl sneak snuffle spare splutter
squall squawk squeak squeal stammer stamp state strike
stutter style submit supply suppose surrender take tax teach
telecast telegraph telephone telex tell term think throw
thunder tip tisk toss tote tow trade transfer transport trill
truck trumpet trust tug twitter undercharge vote vouchsafe
wager wail want warble warrant wheel wheeze whimper whine
whisper whistle whoop will wire wireless wish write yammer
yap yell yelp yield yodel
Benefactive Alternation
abduct accept accumulate acquire appropriate arrange assemble
bake blend blow boil book borrow brew build buy cadge call
capture carve cash cast catch charter chisel choose churn
clean clear coin collect compile compose compute confiscate
construct cook cop create crochet cut dance derive design
designate develop dig draw earn emancipate embezzle embroider
exact exorcise extort extract fabricate fashion favor fetch
filch find fix flog fold forge form fry gain gather get grab
grill grind grow hack hammer hardboil hatch hire hum ilfer
impound indicate inherit invent iron keep kidnap knit lease
leave liberate lift light make manufacture mint mix mold nab
obtain order organize paint phone pick pinch pirate
plagiarize play pluck poach pound pour prefer prepare procure
produce pull purchase purloin reach receive recite reclaim
recover recreate redeem regain rent repossess rescue reserve
retrieve roast roll run rustle save scramble sculpt secure
seize select set sew shape shoot sing slaughter smuggle
snatch sneak softboil spin sponge steal stitch style swipe
take thieve toast toss vote wangle wash weasel weave whistle
whittle win winkle withdraw wrest write
Spray/Load Alternation
adorn anoint arrange bandage bang bathe bestrew bind blanket
block blot bombard brush carpet channel choke cloak clog
clutter coat coil contaminate cover cram crowd cultivate curl
dab dam dangle dapple daub deck decorate deluge dip dirty dot
douse drape drench dribble drip drizzle drop dump dust edge
embellish emblazon encircle encrust endow enrich entangle
face festoon fill fleck flood frame funnel garland garnish
hammer hang heap hoist imbue immerse impregnate infect inject
inlay install interlace interlard interleave intersperse
interweave inundate jam ladle lard lash lay lean lift line
litter load lodge loop lower mask mottle mound mount ornament
pack pad pave perch pile place plant plaster plate plug
pollute position pound pour prick pump push put raise rake
ram replenish repopulate rest riddle ring ripple robe roll
rub saturate scatter scoop scrape season seed set settle sew
shake shovel shower shroud siphon sit situate slather sling
slop slosh smear smother smudge soak soil sow spatter speckle
spew spill spin splash splatter splotch spoon spot spray
spread sprinkle spritz spurt squash squeeze squirt squish
stack staff stain stand stash stick stipple stock stop up
stow strew string stud stuff suffuse surround suspend swab
swaddle swathe sweep taint tile trim tuck twirl twist veil
vein vest wad wash wedge whirl wind wipe wrap wreathe wring
Clear Alternation (transitive)
abduct absolve abstract acquit balk banish bereave bilk bleed
break burgle cadge capture cheat clean cleanse clear con
confiscate cop cull cure defraud delete denude deplete
depopulate deport deprive despoil disabuse disarm discharge
disencumber disengage disgorge dislodge dismiss dispossess
divest drain draw ease eject eliminate emancipate embezzle
empty eradicate evacuate evict excise excommunicate exonerate
exorcise expel extirpate extort extract extradite extrude
filch fleece flog free grab gull impound kidnap liberate lift
lop milk mulct nab omit ostracize oust pardon partition
pilfer pinch pirate plagiarize plunder pry purge purify
purloin ransack reap recall reclaim recover redeem regain
relieve remove render repossess rescue retrieve rid rifle rob
rustle sap seize separate sever shoo smuggle snatch sneak
sponge steal strip subtract swindle swipe take thieve
unburden uproot void wangle wean weasel winkle withdraw
wrench wrest
Wipe alternation
bail brush buff comb dab distill dust erase expunge file
filter flush hoover hose iron leach lick mop plow pluck
polish prune purge rake rinse rub sandpaper scour scrape
scratch scrub shave shear shovel siphon skim smooth soak
sponge squeeze strain strip suck suction swab sweep towel
trim vacuum wash wear weed whisk winnow wipe wring
Swarm Alternation
abound accumulate aggregate amass assemble babble bang beam
beat beep bellow blare blast blat blaze blink bloom blossom
boom bristle bubble bulge burble burn burr bustle buzz
chatter chime chink chir chitter chug clack clang clank clap
clash clatter click cling clink clomp clump clunk cluster
collect congregate convene crack crackle crash crawl creak
creep crepitate crunch cry dance din ding dong drip echo
explode fizz fizzle flame flare flash flicker flock flutter
foam gather glare gleam glimmer glint glisten glitter glow
groan group growl gurgle gush herd hiss hoot hop howl huddle
hum incandesce jangle jingle knell knock lilt mass moan
murmur ooze patter peal ping pink pipe plink plonk plop plunk
pop pulsate purr putter quiver radiate rap rasp rattle
resonate resound reverberate ring roar roll rumble run rustle
scintillate scream screech seethe shake shimmer shine shriek
shrill sing sizzle snap sound sparkle splash splutter spout
sprout sputter squawk squeak squeal squelch squirt stir
stream strike swarm sway sweat swim swish swoosh teem throng
thrum thud thump thunder thunk tick ting tinkle toll toot
tootle tremble trill trumpet twang twinkle ululate vroom wail
wheeze whine whir whish whistle whoosh whump writhe zing
Clear Alternation (intransitive)
clear drain empty
Material/Product Alternation (transitive)
alter annihilate arrange assemble bake beat bend blitz blow
build carve cast change chisel churn coil coin collect
compile compose compress compute concoct construct convert
cook create crochet cut decimate demolish derive design
destroy devastate develop dig embroider exterminate extirpate
fabricate fashion fold forge form freeze grind grow hack
hammer hatch invent knead knit make manufacture melt
metamorphose mint model mold obliterate organize pound
produce ravage raze recreate roll ruin sculpt sew shake shape
spin squash squeeze squish stitch style synthesize transform
transmute turn twirl twist wad waste weave whip whittle wind
work wreck
Material/Product Alternation (transitive)
alter change convert evolve grow hatch mature metamorphose
transform transmute turn
Total Transformation Alternation (transitive)
alter arrange assemble bake beat bend blitz blow build carve
cast change chisel churn coil collect compile compress
convert cook crochet cut decimate demolish destroy devastate
develop embroider exterminate extirpate fashion fold forge
freeze grind grow hack hammer hatch knead knit make melt
metamorphose mold obliterate pound ravage raze roll ruin
sculpt sew shake shape spin squash squeeze squish stitch
transform transmute turn twirl twist wad waste weave whip
whittle wind work wreck
Total Transformation Alternation (intransitive)
alter change evolve grow hatch mature metamorphose transform
transmute turn
Simple Reciprocal Alternation (transitive)
add affiliate alternate amalgamate anchor append associate
attach band baste beat belt bind blend bolt bond bracket
buckle bundle button cement chain clamp clasp clip cluster
coalesce coincide collate collect combine commingle compare
concatenate confederate confuse conjoin connect consolidate
contrast correlate cream criss-cross decouple detach
differentiate disassemble disconnect disentangle dissociate
distinguish divide divorce engage entangle entwine epoxy
fasten fetter fuse gather glom glue graft group gum handcuff
harmonize harness herd hinge hitch hook incorporate integrate
interchange interconnect interlace interlink interlock
intermingle interrelate intersperse intertwine interweave
introduce join jumble knot lace lash lasso latch leash link
lock loop lump manacle marry mass mate merge mingle mix moor
muddle muzzle nail network oppose package padlock pair part
partition paste peg pin plaster pool rhyme rivet roll rope
scramble screw seal segregate separate sever sew shackle
shake shuffle sift skewer solder splice staple stick stir
stitch strap string sunder swirl tack tape team tether
thumbtack tie total trammel unbolt unbuckle unbutton unchain
unclamp unclasp unclip unfasten unglue unhinge unhitch unhook
unify unite unlace unlatch unleash unlock unpeg unpin unscrew
unshackle unstaple unstitch untie unzip wed weld whip whisk
wire yoke zip
"Together" Reciprocal Alternation (transitive)
add affiliate alternate amalgamate anchor append associate
attach band baste beat belt bind blend bolt bond bracket
buckle bundle button cement chain clamp clasp clip cluster
coalesce coincide collect combine commingle compare
concatenate confederate confuse conjoin connect consolidate
contrast correlate cream criss-cross engage entangle entwine
epoxy fasten fetter fuse gather glom glue graft group gum
handcuff harmonize harness herd hinge hitch hook incorporate
integrate interchange interconnect interlace interlink
interlock intermingle interrelate intersperse intertwine
interweave introduce join jumble knot lace lash lasso latch
leash link lock loop lump manacle marry mass mate merge
mingle mix moor muddle muzzle nail network oppose package
padlock pair paste peg pin plaster pool rhyme rivet roll rope
scramble screw seal sew shackle shake shuffle skewer solder
splice staple stick stir stitch strap string swirl tack tape
team tether thumbtack tie total trammel unify unite wed weld
whip whisk wire yoke zip
"Apart" Reciprocal Alternation (transitive)
blow break cut decouple detach differentiate disassemble
disconnect disentangle dissociate distinguish divide divorce
draw hack hew kick knock part partition pry pull push rip
roll saw segregate separate sever shove sift slip split
sunder tear tug unbolt unbuckle unbutton unchain unclamp
unclasp unclip unfasten unglue unhinge unhitch unhook unlace
unlatch unleash unlock unpeg unpin unscrew unshackle unstaple
unstitch untie unzip yank
Simple Reciprocal Alternation (intransitive)
affiliate agree alternate amalgamate argue banter bargain
battle bicker blend blow box brawl break chat chatter
chitchat clash coalesce coexist coincide collaborate collide
combat combine commingle commiserate communicate compare
compete concatenate concur confabulate confederate confer
conflict conjoin connect consolidate consort consult contrast
converse cooperate correlate correspond court cream
criss-cross cuddle cut date debate decouple dicker differ
differentiate disagree disconnect disentangle dispute dissent
dissociate diverge divide divorce draw duel elope embrace
entangle entwine feud fight flirt fuse gab gossip hack haggle
harmonize hew hobnob hug integrate interchange interconnect
interlace interlink interlock intermingle interrelate
intertwine interweave jest join joke joust kick kiss knock
link marry mate meet merge mingle mix neck negotiate nuzzle
pair part pass pet play plot pry pull push quarrel quibble
rap rendezvous rhyme rip roll saw schmooze scuffle separate
sever shove skirmish slip spar spat speak split spoon
squabble struggle talk tear tilt tug tussle unify unite vie
visit war wrangle wrestle yak yank
"Together" Reciprocal Alternation (intransitive)
add affiliate alternate amalgamate associate band blend bond
cluster coalesce coincide collect combine commingle compare
concatenate confederate confuse conjoin connect consolidate
contrast correlate cream criss-cross engage entangle entwine
fasten fuse gather glom harmonize incorporate integrate
interchange interconnect interlace interlink interlock
intermingle interrelate intersperse intertwine interweave
introduce join jumble link lump marry mass mate merge mingle
mix muddle oppose pair pool rhyme speak stick talk team total
unify unite wed
"Apart" Reciprocal Alternation (intransitive)
blow break decouple differ differentiate disconnect
disentangle dissociate distinguish diverge divide divorce
draw kick knock part pry pull push rip roll segregate
separate sever shove slip split tear tug yank
Fulfilling Alternation
advance allocate allot arm assign award bequeath burden cede
charge compensate concede credit entrust equip extend furnish
grant guarantee invest issue leave offer owe ply present
promise provide regale reward saddle serve supply trust vote
will yield
Image Impression Alternation
address adorn applique autograph brand carve chalk charcoal
copy crayon date decorate doodle draw embellish emboss
embroider endorse engrave etch film forge illuminate
illustrate imprint incise initial ink inscribe label letter
mark microfilm monogram ornament paint pencil photocopy
photograph plot print record scratch scrawl scribble set sign
sketch spraypaint stamp stencil tag tape tattoo televise
trace transcribe type write
"With/Against" Alternation
bang bash bat batter beat birch bite bludgeon bonk brain
break bump bunt butt cane cast chuck claw clobber club conk
cosh crack crash crush cudgel cuff dash dig drum fire fling
flip flog fracture hammer hit hurl jab kick knife knock lash
lob paddle paddywhack paw peck pierce pitch poke pound prick
pummel punch punt rap rip scratch shatter shoot shove slap
sling slug smack smash snap sock spank splinter split stab
stick strap strike swat swipe tamp tap tear thrash throw
thump thwack tip toss truncheon wallop whack whip whisk
"Through/With" Alternation
bang bash batter beat belt birch bite bludgeon bonk brain
bump butt cane caress claw clobber club conk cosh cudgel cuff
dash dig drum flog graze hammer hit jab kick kiss knife knock
lash lick nudge paddle paddywhack pat paw peck pierce pinch
poke pound prick prod pummel punch rap scratch shoot slap
slug smack smash sock spank stab stick sting strap strike
stroke swat swipe tamp tap thrash thump thwack tickle touch
truncheon wallop whack whip whisk
"Blame" Alternation
abhor abuse acclaim admire adore analyze applaud appreciate
assess audit backbite blame bless calumniate castigate
celebrate censure chasten chastise cherish chide commend
compensate compliment condemn congratulate covet crave
criticize decry defame denigrate denounce deplore deprecate
deride desire despise detest disdain dislike disparage
distrust dread enjoy envy esteem eulogize evaluate exalt
excuse execrate extol fancy fault favor fear felicitate fine
forgive greet hail hate honor idolize impeach insult lambaste
lament laud like loathe love malign miss mock mourn need
pardon penalize persecute pity praise prize prosecute punish
rebuke recompense regret relish remunerate repay reprimand
reproach reprove resent respect revere review revile reward
ridicule rue salute savor scold scorn scrutinize shame snub
stand study support thank toast tolerate treasure trust
upbraid value venerate victimize vilify want welcome worship
"Search" Alternations
advertise bore burrow check comb delve dive drag dredge
examine excavate explore feel ferret fish forage frisk fumble
grope hunt inspect investigate leaf listen look mine nose
observe page patrol paw plumb poach poke probe prospect prowl
quarry quiz raid rake ransack riffle rifle root rummage scan
scavenge scour scout scrabble scratch scrounge scrutinize
search seek shop sift snoop stalk survey tap taste tease
thumb track trawl troll tunnel watch
Body-Part Possessor Ascension Alternation
bang bash batter beat bite bonk bore break bruise bump butt
cane caress carve chip chop claw clip clobber club conk crack
crash crop crush cube cut dash dent dice dig drill drum
fillet flog fracture gash gouge grate graze grind hack hammer
hew hit jab kick kiss knife knock lash lick mangle mash mince
mow nick notch nudge pat paw peck perforate pierce pinch poke
pound prick prod prune pulverize pummel punch rap rip saw
scrape scratch shatter shoot shred slap slash slice slit slug
smack smash snap snip sock spank spear splinter split squash
squish stab stick sting strap strike stroke swat swipe tamp
tap tear thrash thump thwack tickle touch wallop whack whip
Possessor Object
abhor abuse acclaim admire adore analyze applaud appreciate
assess audit backbite bless calumniate castigate celebrate
censure chasten chastise cherish chide commend compensate
compliment condemn congratulate covet crave criticize decry
defame denigrate denounce deplore deprecate deride desire
despise detect detest discern disdain dislike disparage
distrust dread enjoy envy esteem eulogize evaluate exalt
excuse execrate extol fancy fault favor fear feel felicitate
fine forgive greet hail hate hear honor idolize impeach
insult lambaste lament laud like loathe love malign miss mock
mourn need notice pardon penalize persecute pity praise prize
prosecute punish rebuke recompense regret relish remunerate
repay reprimand reproach reprove resent respect revere review
revile reward ridicule rue salute savor scold scorn
scrutinize see sense shame smell snub stand study support
taste thank toast tolerate treasure trust upbraid value
venerate victimize vilify want welcome worship
Attribute Object
abhor abuse acclaim admire adore analyze applaud appreciate
assess audit backbite bless calumniate castigate celebrate
censure chasten chastise cherish chide commend compensate
compliment condemn congratulate covet crave criticize decry
defame denigrate denounce deplore deprecate deride desire
despise detect detest discern disdain dislike disparage
distrust dread enjoy envy esteem eulogize evaluate exalt
excuse execrate extol fancy fault favor fear feel felicitate
fine forgive greet hail hate hear honor idolize impeach
insult lambaste lament laud like loathe love malign miss mock
mourn need notice pardon penalize persecute pity praise prize
prosecute punish rebuke recompense regret relish remunerate
repay reprimand reproach reprove resent respect revere review
revile reward ridicule rue salute savor scold scorn
scrutinize see sense shame smell snub stand study support
taste thank toast tolerate treasure trust upbraid value
venerate victimize vilify want welcome worship
Possessor and Attribute Alternation
abhor abuse acclaim admire adore analyze applaud appreciate
assess audit backbite bless calumniate castigate celebrate
censure chasten chastise cherish chide commend compensate
compliment condemn congratulate covet crave criticize decry
defame denigrate denounce deplore deprecate deride desire
despise detect detest discern disdain dislike disparage
distrust dread enjoy envy esteem eulogize evaluate exalt
excuse execrate extol fancy fault favor fear feel felicitate
fine forgive greet hail hate hear honor idolize impeach
insult lambaste lament laud like loathe love malign miss mock
mourn need notice pardon penalize persecute pity praise prize
prosecute punish rebuke recompense regret relish remunerate
repay reprimand reproach reprove resent respect revere review
revile reward ridicule rue salute savor scold scorn
scrutinize see sense shame smell snub stand study support
taste thank toast tolerate treasure trust upbraid value
venerate victimize vilify want welcome worship
Possessor Subject (transitive)
abash affect afflict affront aggravate agitate agonize alarm
alienate amaze amuse anger annoy antagonize appall appease
arouse assuage astonish astound awe baffle beguile bewilder
bewitch boggle bore bother bug calm captivate chagrin charm
cheer chill comfort concern confound confuse console content
convince cow crush cut daunt daze dazzle deject delight
demolish demoralize depress devastate disappoint disarm
discombobulate discomfit discompose disconcert discourage
disgrace disgruntle disgust dishearten disillusion dismay
dispirit displease disquiet dissatisfy distract distress
disturb dumbfound elate electrify embarrass embolden enchant
encourage engage engross enlighten enliven enrage enrapture
entertain enthrall enthuse entice entrance exasperate excite
exhaust exhilarate fascinate faze flabbergast flatter floor
fluster frighten frustrate gall galvanize gladden gratify
grieve harass haunt hearten horrify humble humiliate hurt
hypnotize impress incense infuriate inspire insult interest
intimidate intoxicate intrigue invigorate irk irritate jar
jollify jolt lull madden mesmerize miff mollify mortify move
muddle mystify nauseate nettle numb obsess offend outrage
overawe overwhelm pacify pain peeve perplex perturb pique
placate plague please preoccupy provoke puzzle rankle
reassure refresh relax relieve repel repulse revitalize
revolt rile ruffle sadden satisfy scandalize scare shake
shame shock sicken sober solace soothe spellbind spook
stagger startle stimulate sting stir strike stump stun
stupefy surprise tantalize tease tempt terrify terrorize
threaten thrill throw tickle tire titillate torment touch
transport trouble try unnerve unsettle uplift upset vex weary
worry wound wow
Possessor Subject (intransitive)
appreciate balloon climb decline decrease depreciate differ
diminish drop fall fluctuate gain grow increase jump mushroom
plummet plunge rise rocket skyrocket soar surge tumble vary
"As" Alternation
accept acknowledge address adjudge adjudicate adopt anoint
appoint appreciate assume avow baptize believe bet bill brand
call cast certify characterize charge choose christen cite
class classify confess confirm consecrate consider count
crown declare decree deem define describe designate diagnose
disguise dub elect employ engage enlist enroll enter envisage
establish esteem fancy find fine hail herald hire honor
identify imagine incorporate induct intend judge label
lampoon make mark mulct name nickname nominate offer oppose
ordain overcharge paint portray praise presume proclaim
profess pronounce prove qualify rank rate reckon recollect
recommend regard reinstate reject remember report represent
repudiate reveal rule salute save see select spare stamp
stigmatize style suppose take tax term think tip train treat
undercharge use value view visualize vote wager want warrant
Time Subject Alternation
catch find mark see
Natural Force Subject Alternation
Instrument Subject Alternation
Abstract Cause Subject Alternation
confirm demonstrate establish explain imply indicate justify
nullify obscure predict proclaim prove reveal show suggest
Locatum Subject Alternation
adorn anoint bandage bathe bestrew bind blanket block blot
bombard carpet choke cloak clog clutter coat contaminate
cover dam dapple deck decorate deluge dirty dot douse drench
edge embellish emblazon encircle encrust endow enrich
entangle face festoon fill fleck flood frame garland garnish
imbue impregnate infect inlay interlace interlard interleave
intersperse interweave inundate lard lash line litter mask
mottle ornament pad pave plate plug pollute replenish
repopulate riddle ring ripple robe saturate season shroud
smother soak soil speckle splotch spot staff stain stipple
stop up stud suffuse surround swaddle swathe taint tile trim
veil vein wreathe
Location Subject Alternation
carry contain feed fit hold house seat serve sleep store take
Container Subject Alternation
amalgamate contain embed include incorporate integrate omit
Raw Material Subject Alternation
bake beat bend blow carve cast churn coil coin collect
compose compress compute concoct construct cook create
crochet derive design dig fabricate fold form freeze grind
grow invent knead knit make manufacture melt mint model
organize produce recreate sew shake spin squash squeeze
squish style synthesize twirl twist wad weave whip whittle
Sum of Money Subject Alternation
build buy charter earn find get lease make obtain procure
purchase rent reserve save secure sew win
Source Subject Alternation
benefit gain profit prosper
Virtual Reflexive Alternation
Reflexive of Appearance Alternation
assert declare define express form manifest offer pose
present proffer recommend shape show suggest
Verbal Passive
Prepositional Passive
Adjectival Passive (transitive verbs)
Adjectival Perfect Participles (intransitive verbs)
"There"-Insertion
accumulate add amble appear arise arrive ascend assemble
await awake awaken beat begin belch blaze boom break bubble
build burst cascade chatter chime climb cling coexist come
confront correspond crawl create creep cross crouch cut dance
dangle dart dawn decay depend derive descend develop die
disappear discern discover display doze drift drop dwell echo
elapse emanate emerge enact engrave ensue enter evolve exist
exude fall fester find flap flare flash flee flicker float
flow flutter fly follow gallop gleam glimmer glisten glitter
glue go grow gush hang happen head hear hide hobble hook hop
hover hurtle idle imprint inscribe issue jump kneel labor lay
lean leap lie live loom lounge lurk march materialize meander
mount occur open overspread paint pass perch persist pile pin
place plod plop plunge prance predominate preside prevail
project protrude puff radiate reach reign remain reside
resound rest reverberate revolve ride ring rise roam roll
rumble run rush sail scatter scintillate scrawl see seize
settle shelter shimmer shine show shriek shuffle sing sit
skip sleep slouch smolder sound sparkle speed spill sprawl
spread squat stack stagger stamp stand staple steal stem step
straddle straggle strap stray stream stretch stride stroll
strut supervene surge survive suspend sweep swim swing take
tattoo tick toil tower trot trudge tumble turn twinkle twist
understand vanish wait walk wander want weave wind work write
Locative Inversion
accumulate add amble appear arise arrive ascend assemble
awake awaken beat begin belch blaze boom break bubble build
burst cascade chatter chime climb cling coexist come
correspond crawl create creep crouch cut dance dangle dart
dawn decay depend derive descend develop die disappear
discern discover display doze drift drop dwell echo elapse
emanate emerge enact engrave ensue enter evolve exist exude
fall fester find flap flare flash flee flicker float flow
flutter fly follow gallop gleam glimmer glisten glitter glue
go grow gush hang happen head hear hide hobble hook hop hover
hurtle idle imprint inscribe issue jump kneel labor lay lean
leap lie live loom lounge lurk march materialize meander
mount occur open overspread paint pass perch persist pile pin
place plod plop plunge prance predominate preside prevail
project protrude puff radiate reign remain reside resound
rest reverberate revolve ride ring rise roam roll rumble run
rush sail scatter scintillate scrawl see settle shelter
shimmer shine show shriek shuffle sing sit skip sleep slouch
smolder sound sparkle speed spill sprawl spread squat stack
stagger stamp stand staple steal stem step straddle straggle
strap stray stream stretch stride stroll strut supervene
surge survive suspend sweep swim swing take tattoo tick toil
tower trot trudge tumble turn twinkle twist understand vanish
wait walk wander weave wind work write writhe
Cognate Object Construction
babble bark bawl beam bellow bleat boogie boom bop bray
burble cackle call cancan carol chant chatter chirp chuckle
clog cluck conga coo cough croak croon crow cry dance drawl
dream drone fight foxtrot frown gabble gibber giggle grimace
grin groan growl grumble grunt hiss holler hoot howl jabber
jig jitterbug jive laugh lilt lisp live moan mumble murmur
mutter pirouette polka purr quickstep rage rasp roar rumba
rumble samba scream screech shout shriek shuffle sigh sing
sleep smile smirk snap snarl sneeze sniff snore snort snuffle
sob splutter squall squaredance squawk squeak squeal stammer
stutter tango tapdance think thunder tisk trill trumpet
twitter wail waltz warble weep wheeze whimper whine whisper
whistle whoop yammer yap yawn yell yelp yodel
Cognate Prepositional Phrase Construction
anchor archive asphalt bag bait band bank bark beach beard
bed belt bench berth billet bin blanket blindfold board bolt
bone bottle box bracket bread brick bridle bronze buckle burl
butter button buttonhole cage can cap carpet case caulk
cellar cement chain chrome clamp clasp clip cloak cloister
color coop core cork corral crate crown deaccent debark
debone debowel debug debur declaw defang defat defeather
deflea deflesh defoam defog deforest defrost defuzz degas
degerm deglaze degrease degrit degum degut dehair dehead
dehorn dehull dehusk deice deink delint delouse deluster
demast derat derib derind desalt descale desex desprout
destarch destress detassel detusk devein dewater dewax deworm
diaper distemper dock drug drydock dye enamel epoxy feather
fence fetter file flour forest fork frame fuel gag garage
garland gill glaze glove glue graffiti gravel grease groove
ground gum gut halter handcuff hangar harness head heel hinge
hitch hook house hull husk ink jail japan jar jug kennel knot
label lace lacquer land lash lasso latch leash leaven link
lint lipstick lock lodge loop louse manacle mantle milk mine
moor mulch muzzle nail nickel oil ornament padlock paint
panel paper parquet paste pasture patch peel peg pen pepper
perfume pillory pin pinion pip pit pitch pith plank plaster
pocket pod poison polish poll pomade poster postmark pot
powder pulp putty quarry rind rivet robe roof rope rosin
rouge rut saddle salt salve sand scale scalp screw seal seed
sequin shackle shawl sheathe shell shellac shelter shelve
shingle shoe shoulder shuck shutter silver skewer skin slate
slipcover snail snare sod solder sole spice spindle spit
spool spraypaint stable stain stalk staple starch stem stitch
stone stopper strap stress string stucco sugar sulphur tack
tag tail tape tar tarmac tassel tether thatch thumbtack
ticket tie tile tin tint top trammel trap tree turf varnish
veil vein veneer wallpaper warehouse water wax weed whitewash
wind wire worm wreathe yoke zest zip zipcode
Reaction Object Construction
babble bark bawl beam bellow bleat blink boom bray burble
cackle call carol chant chatter chirp chortle chuckle clap
cluck coo cough croak croon crow cry drawl drone frown gabble
gape gasp gawk gibber giggle glare glower goggle grimace grin
groan growl grumble grunt guffaw hiss holler hoot howl jabber
jeer laugh lilt lisp moan mumble murmur mutter nod point pout
purr rage rasp roar rumble scowl scream screech shout shriek
shrug sigh simper sing smile smirk snap snarl sneeze snicker
sniff snigger snivel snore snort snuffle sob splutter squall
squawk squeak squeal squint stammer stutter thunder tisk
titter trill trumpet twitter wag wail warble wave weep wheeze
whimper whine whisper whistle whoop wink yammer yap yawn yell
yelp yodel
X's Way' Construction
Resultative Construction
advance arrive ascend bring climb come cross depart descend
enter escape exit fall flee go leave plunge recede return
rise take tumble
Unintentional Interpretation with Reflexive Object
bang bash batter birch bite bludgeon bonk brain break bruise
bump burn cane chip claw clobber club conk cosh crack crash
crush cudgel cut flog fracture graze hit hurt injure kick
kiss knife knock lash lick nick nudge paddle paddywhack pat
paw peck pinch prick prod pummel punch rip scald scrape
scratch shatter slug smash snap sock spank splinter split
stab sting strap strike stroke swat swipe tear thrash tickle
touch truncheon wallop whack whip whisk
Unintentional Interpretation with Body-Part Object
bang bark bash batter belt birch bite bludgeon bonk brain
break bruise bump burn cane chip claw clobber club conk cosh
crack crush cudgel cut flog fracture graze hit hurt injure
kick kiss knife knock lash lick nick nudge paddle paddywhack
pat paw peck pinch prick prod pull pummel punch rupture scald
scrape scratch shatter skin slug smash snap sock spank split
sprain stab sting strain strap strike stroke stub swat swipe
tear thrash thump tickle touch truncheon turn twist wallop
whack whip whisk
Bound Nonreflexive Anaphor as Prepositional Object
bring brush carry coil contain curl dab daub drag drape draw
dribble drip drizzle dust hang haul have heave include jerk
kick loop lug omit pour press pull push roll rub scatter
schlep shove slather slop slosh smear spatter spew spill spin
splash splatter spray spread sprinkle spritz spurt squirt
strew swab take thrust tote tow tug twirl twist whirl wind
Directional Phrases with Nondirected Motion Verbs
babble backpack bang beat beep bellow blare blast blat bolt
boogie boom bop bounce bound bowl bubble buck burble burr
buzz cancan canter carom cavort charge chatter chime chink
chir chitter chug clack clamber clang clank clap clash
clatter click climb cling clink clog clomp clump clunk coast
conga crack crackle crash crawl creak creep crepitate crunch
cry dance dart dash ding dodder dong draw drift explode
fidget file fizz fizzle flap flit float fly foxtrot frolic
gallop gambol glide goosestep groan growl gurgle gyrate
hasten heave hike hiss hobble hoot hop howl hum hurry hurtle
inch jangle jerk jig jingle jitterbug jive jog journey jump
kick knell knock leap lilt limp lollop lope lumber lurch
march meander mince moan mosey murmur nip pad parade patter
peal perambulate ping pink pipe pirouette plink plod plonk
plop plunk polka pop prance press promenade prowl pull purr
push putter quickstep race ramble rap rasp rattle ring roam
roar rock roll romp rove rumba rumble run rush rustle samba
sashay saunter scamper scoot scram scramble scream screech
scud scurry scutter scuttle shamble shove shriek shrill
shuffle sidle sing sizzle skedaddle skip skitter skulk
sleepwalk slide slink slither slog slouch snap sneak
somersault speed splash splutter sputter squaredance squawk
squeak squeal squelch squirm stagger stomp stray streak
stride strike stroll strut stumble stump swagger sway sweep
swim swish swoosh tack tango tapdance tear teeter thrum
thrust thud thump thunder thunk tick ting tinkle tiptoe
toddle toll toot tootle totter traipse tramp travel trek
trill troop trot trudge trumpet trundle tug twang twitch
ululate vault vroom waddle wade waggle wail walk waltz wander
wheeze whine whir whish whistle whiz whoosh whump wiggle
wobble wriggle yank zigzag zing zoom
Obligatory Passive
reincarnate repute rumor
Obligatorily Reflexive Object
absent acquit assert avail bear behave bestir betake bethink
better busy camouflage carry check collect comport compose
conduct contain content defend demean disgrace disport efface
embroil endear enjoy ensconce excel exert fancy find help
ingratiate insinuate intoxicate intrude inure justify lower
martyr nerve outdo overreach perjure plight pride profess
prostrate redeem relieve resign revenge steel sun unbosom
vindicate worm
Inalienably Possessed Body-Part Object
arch bare bark bat beat bite blink blow bob braid break
bruise brush bump burn chip clap clench click clip close cock
coldcream comb condition crane crimp crook crop cross curl
cut drum dye file flap flash flex flick floss flutter fold
fracture gnash grind hang henna hunch hurt injure kick knit
lather manicure nick nod open part perm plait pluck point
powder prick pucker pull purse raise rinse roll rouge rub
rupture scald scratch set shake shampoo shave show shrug
shuffle skin smack snap soap split sprain squint stamp strain
stretch stub talc tease toss towel trim turn twiddle twist
twitch wag waggle wash wave wiggle wink wring wrinkle
Expletive "It" Subject
acquit act augur behave bode do mean phrase treat word
Obligatory Adverb
Obligatory Negative Polarity Element
--------- VERB CLASSES : Chapters 9 through 57 ---------
(Each verb is in at least one of these classes,
in addition to the Alternation Classes 1-8)
"put" verbs
arrange immerse install lodge mount place position put set
situate sling stash stow
"dangle" verbs
dangle hang lay lean perch rest sit stand suspend
"funnel" verbs
bang channel dip dump funnel hammer ladle pound push rake ram
scoop scrape shake shovel siphon spoon squash squeeze squish
sweep tuck wad wedge wipe wring
"hoist" verbs
drop hoist lift lower raise
"pour" verbs
dribble drip pour slop slosh spew spill spurt
"coil" verbs
coil curl loop roll spin twirl twist whirl wind
"spray/load" verbs
brush cram crowd cultivate dab daub drape drizzle dust hang
heap inject jam load mound pack pile plant plaster prick pump
rub scatter seed settle sew shower slather smear smudge sow
spatter splash splatter spray spread sprinkle spritz squirt
stack stick stock strew string stuff swab vest wash wrap
"fill" verbs
adorn anoint bandage bathe bestrew bind blanket block blot
bombard carpet choke cloak clog clutter coat contaminate
cover dam dapple deck decorate deluge dirty dot douse drench
edge embellish emblazon encircle encrust endow enrich
entangle face festoon fill fleck flood frame garland garnish
imbue impregnate infect inlay interlace interlard interleave
intersperse interweave inundate lard lash line litter mask
mottle ornament pad pave plate plug pollute replenish
repopulate riddle ring ripple robe saturate season shroud
smother soak soil speckle splotch spot staff stain stipple
stop up stud suffuse surround swaddle swathe taint tile trim
veil vein wreathe
"butter" verbs
asphalt bait blanket blindfold board bread brick bridle
bronze butter buttonhole cap carpet caulk chrome cloak cork
crown diaper drug feather fence flour forest frame fuel gag
garland glove graffiti gravel grease groove halter harness
heel ink label leash leaven lipstick mantle mulch muzzle
nickel oil ornament panel paper parquet patch pepper perfume
pitch plank plaster poison polish pomade poster postmark
powder putty robe roof rosin rouge rut saddle salt salve sand
seed sequin shawl shingle shoe shutter silver slate slipcover
sod sole spice stain starch stopper stress string stucco
sugar sulphur tag tar tarmac tassel thatch ticket tile turf
veil veneer wallpaper water wax whitewash wreathe yoke
"pocket" verbs
archive bag bank beach bed bench berth billet bin bottle box
cage can case cellar cloister coop corral crate dock drydock
file fork garage ground hangar house jail jar jug kennel land
lodge pasture pen pillory pocket pot sheathe shelter shelve
shoulder skewer snare spindle spit spool stable string tin
trap tree warehouse
"remove" verbs
abstract cull delete discharge disengage disgorge dislodge
dismiss draw eject eliminate eradicate evict excise
excommunicate expel extirpate extract extrude lop omit
ostracize oust partition pry reap remove separate sever shoo
subtract uproot winkle withdraw wrench
"banish" verbs
banish deport evacuate expel extradite recall remove
"clear" verbs
clean clear drain empty
"wipe" verbs (manner)
bail buff dab distill dust erase expunge flush leach lick
pluck polish prune purge rinse rub scour scrape scratch scrub
shave skim smooth soak squeeze strain strip suck suction swab
sweep trim wash wear weed whisk winnow wipe wring
"wipe" verbs (instrument)
brush comb file filter hoover hose iron mop plow rake
sandpaper shear shovel siphon sponge towel vacuum
"steal" verbs
abduct cadge capture confiscate cop emancipate embezzle
exorcise extort extract filch flog grab impound kidnap
liberate lift nab pilfer pinch pirate plagiarize purloin
reclaim recover redeem regain repossess rescue retrieve
rustle seize smuggle snatch sneak sponge steal swipe take
thieve wangle weasel winkle withdraw wrest
"cheat" verbs
absolve acquit balk bereave bilk bleed break burgle cheat
cleanse con cull cure defraud denude deplete depopulate
deprive despoil disabuse disarm disencumber dispossess divest
drain ease exonerate fleece free gull milk mulct pardon
plunder purge purify ransack relieve render rid rifle rob sap
strip swindle unburden void wean
"pit" verbs
bark beard bone burl core gill gut head hull husk lint louse
milk peel pinion pip pit pith pod poll pulp rind scale scalp
seed shell shuck skin snail stalk stem stone string tail
tassel top vein weed wind worm zest
"debone" verbs
deaccent debark debone debowel debug debur declaw defang
defat defeather deflea deflesh defoam defog deforest defrost
defuzz degas degerm deglaze degrease degrit degum degut
dehair dehead dehorn dehull dehusk deice deink delint delouse
deluster demast derat derib derind desalt descale desex
desprout destarch destress detassel detusk devein dewater
dewax deworm
"mine" verbs
mine quarry
"send" verbs
airmail convey deliver dispatch express FedEx forward hand
mail pass port post return send shift ship shunt slip smuggle
sneak transfer transport UPS
"slide" verbs
bounce float move roll slide
"bring" verbs
bring take
"carry" verbs
carry drag haul heave heft hoist kick lug pull push schlep
shove tote tow tug
"drive" verbs
barge bus cart drive ferry fly row shuttle truck wheel wire
"push/pull" verbs
draw heave jerk press pull push shove thrust tug yank
"give" verbs
feed give lease lend loan pass pay peddle refund render rent
repay sell serve trade
"contribute" verbs
administer contribute disburse distribute donate extend
forfeit proffer refer reimburse relinquish remit restore
return sacrifice submit surrender transfer
"FUT:have" verbs
advance allocate allot assign award bequeath cede concede
extend grant guarantee issue leave offer owe promise vote
will yield
"entrust" verbs
credit entrust furnish issue leave present provide serve
supply trust
"equip" verbs
arm burden charge compensate equip invest ply regale reward
"get" verbs
book buy call cash catch charter choose earn fetch find gain
gather get hire keep lease leave order phone pick pluck
procure pull reach rent reserve save secure shoot slaughter
steal vote win
"obtain" verbs
accept accumulate acquire appropriate borrow cadge collect
exact grab inherit obtain purchase receive recover regain
retrieve seize select snatch
"exchange" verbs
barter change exchange substitute swap trade
"berry" verbs
antique berry birdnest blackberry clam crab fish fowl grouse
hay log mushroom nest nut oyster pearl prawn rabbit seal
shark shrimp snail snipe sponge whale whelk
"learn" verbs
acquire cram glean learn memorize read study
"hold" verbs
clasp clutch grasp grip handle hold wield
"keep" verbs
hoard keep leave store
"conceal" verbs
block cloister conceal curtain hide isolate quarantine screen
seclude sequester shelter
"throw" verbs
bash bat bunt cast catapult chuck fire flick fling flip hit
hurl kick knock lob loft nudge pass pitch punt shoot shove
slam slap sling smash tap throw tip toss
"pelt" verbs
bombard buffet pelt shower stone
"hit" verbs
bang bash batter beat bump butt dash drum hammer hit kick
knock lash pound rap slap smack smash strike tamp tap thump
thwack whack
"swat" verbs
bite claw paw peck punch scratch shoot slug stab swat swipe
"spank" verbs
belt birch bludgeon bonk brain cane clobber club conk cosh
cudgel cuff flog knife paddle paddywhack pummel sock spank
strap thrash truncheon wallop whip whisk
"thud" verbs
bang brush bump crash hit knock ram slam smash thud
"poke" verbs
dig jab pierce poke prick stick
"touch" verbs
caress graze kiss lick nudge pat peck pinch prod sting stroke
tickle touch
"cut" verbs
chip clip cut hack hew saw scrape scratch slash snip
"carve" verbs
bore bruise carve chip chop crop crush cube dent dice drill
file fillet gash gouge grate grind mangle mash mince mow nick
notch perforate prune pulverize punch shred slice slit spear
squash squish
"mix" verbs
add blend combine commingle concatenate connect cream fuse
join link merge mingle mix network pool
"amalgamate" verbs
affiliate alternate amalgamate associate coalesce coincide
compare confederate confuse conjoin consolidate contrast
correlate criss-cross engage entangle entwine harmonize
incorporate integrate interchange interconnect interlace
interlink interlock intermingle interrelate intersperse
intertwine interweave introduce marry mate muddle oppose pair
rhyme team total unify unite wed
"shake" verbs
append attach band baste beat bind bond bundle cluster
collate collect fasten fuse gather glom graft group herd
jumble lump mass moor package pair roll scramble sew shake
shuffle splice stick stir swirl weld whip whisk
"tape" verbs
anchor band belt bolt bracket buckle button cement chain
clamp clasp clip epoxy fetter glue gum handcuff harness hinge
hitch hook knot lace lash lasso latch leash link lock loop
manacle moor muzzle nail padlock paste peg pin plaster rivet
rope screw seal shackle skewer solder staple stitch strap
string tack tape tether thumbtack tie trammel wire yoke zip
"cling" verbs
adhere cleave cling
"separate" verbs
decouple differentiate disconnect disentangle dissociate
distinguish divide divorce part segregate separate sever
"split" verbs
blow break cut draw hack hew kick knock pry pull push rip
roll saw shove slip split tear tug yank
"disassemble" verbs
detach disassemble disconnect partition sift sunder unbolt
unbuckle unbutton unchain unclamp unclasp unclip unfasten
unglue unhinge unhitch unhook unlace unlatch unleash unlock
unpeg unpin unscrew unshackle unstaple unstitch untie unzip
"differ" verbs
differ diverge
"color" verbs
color distemper dye enamel glaze japan lacquer paint shellac
spraypaint stain tint varnish
"applique" verbs
applique emboss embroider engrave etch imprint incise
inscribe mark paint set sign stamp tattoo
"scribble" verbs
carve chalk charcoal copy crayon doodle draw forge ink paint
pencil plot print scratch scrawl scribble sketch spraypaint
stencil trace type write
"monogram" verbs
address adorn autograph brand date decorate embellish endorse
illuminate illustrate initial label letter monogram ornament
"transcribe" verbs
copy film forge microfilm photocopy photograph record tape
televise transcribe type
"build" verbs
arrange assemble bake blow build carve cast chisel churn
compile cook crochet cut develop embroider fashion fold forge
grind grow hack hammer hatch knit make mold pound roll sculpt
sew shape spin stitch weave whittle
"grow" verbs
develop evolve grow hatch mature
"prepare" verbs
bake blend boil brew clean clear cook fix fry grill hardboil
iron light mix poach pour prepare roast roll run scramble set
softboil toast toss wash
"create" verbs
coin compose compute concoct construct create derive design
dig fabricate form invent manufacture mint model organize
produce recreate style synthesize
"knead" verbs
beat bend coil collect compress fold freeze knead melt shake
squash squeeze squish twirl twist wad whip wind work
"turn" verbs
alter change convert metamorphose transform transmute turn
"perform" verbs
chant choreograph compose dance direct draw hum intone paint
perform play produce recite silkscreen sing spin take whistle
"engender" verbs
beget cause create engender generate shape spawn
"calve" verbs
calve cub fawn foal kitten lamb litter pup spawn whelp
"appoint" verbs
acknowledge adopt appoint consider crown deem designate elect
esteem imagine mark nominate ordain proclaim rate reckon
report want
"characterize" verbs
accept address appreciate bill cast certify characterize
choose cite class classify confirm count define describe
diagnose disguise employ engage enlist enroll enter envisage
establish esteem hail herald hire honor identify imagine
incorporate induct intend lampoon offer oppose paint portray
praise qualify rank recollect recommend regard reinstate
reject remember represent repudiate reveal salute see select
stigmatize take train treat use value view visualize
"dub" verbs
anoint baptize brand call christen consecrate crown decree
dub label make name nickname pronounce rule stamp style term
"declare" verbs
adjudge adjudicate assume avow believe confess declare fancy
find judge presume profess prove suppose think warrant
"conjecture" verbs
admit allow assert conjecture deny discover feel figure grant
guarantee guess hold know maintain mean observe recognize
repute show suspect
"masquerade" verbs
act behave camouflage count masquerade officiate pose qualify
rank rate serve
"orphan" verbs
apprentice canonize cripple cuckold knight martyr orphan
outlaw pauper recruit widow
"captain" verbs
boss bully butcher butler caddy captain champion chaperone
chauffeur clerk coach cox crew doctor emcee escort guard host
model mother nurse partner pilot pioneer police referee
shepherd skipper sponsor star tailor tutor umpire understudy
usher valet volunteer witness
"see" verbs
detect discern feel hear notice see sense smell taste
"sight" verbs
descry discover espy examine eye glimpse inspect investigate
note observe overhear perceive recognize regard savor scan
scent scrutinize sight spot spy study survey view watch
"peer" verbs
check gape gawk gaze glance glare goggle leer listen look
ogle peek peep peer sniff snoop squint stare
"feel" verbs
feel look smell sound taste
"amuse" verbs
abash affect afflict affront aggravate agitate agonize alarm
alienate amaze amuse anger annoy antagonize appall appease
arouse assuage astonish astound awe baffle beguile bewilder
bewitch boggle bore bother bug calm captivate chagrin charm
cheer chill comfort concern confound confuse console content
convince cow crush cut daunt daze dazzle deject delight
demolish demoralize depress devastate disappoint disarm
discombobulate discomfit discompose disconcert discourage
disgrace disgruntle disgust dishearten disillusion dismay
dispirit displease disquiet dissatisfy distract distress
disturb dumbfound elate electrify embarrass embolden enchant
encourage engage engross enlighten enliven enrage enrapture
entertain enthrall enthuse entice entrance exasperate excite
exhaust exhilarate fascinate faze flabbergast flatter floor
fluster frighten frustrate gall galvanize gladden gratify
grieve harass haunt hearten horrify humble humiliate hurt
hypnotize impress incense infuriate inspire insult interest
intimidate intoxicate intrigue invigorate irk irritate jar
jollify jolt lull madden mesmerize miff mollify mortify move
muddle mystify nauseate nettle numb obsess offend outrage
overawe overwhelm pacify pain peeve perplex perturb pique
placate plague please preoccupy provoke puzzle rankle
reassure refresh relax relieve repel repulse revitalize
revolt rile ruffle sadden satisfy scandalize scare shake
shame shock sicken sober solace soothe spellbind spook
stagger startle stimulate sting stir strike stump stun
stupefy surprise tantalize tease tempt terrify terrorize
threaten thrill throw tickle tire titillate torment touch
transport trouble try unnerve unsettle uplift upset vex weary
worry wound wow
"admire" verbs
abhor admire adore appreciate cherish deplore despise detest
disdain dislike distrust dread enjoy envy esteem exalt
execrate fancy favor fear hate idolize lament like loathe
love miss mourn pity prize regret relish resent respect
revere rue savor stand support tolerate treasure trust value
venerate worship
"marvel" verbs
ache anger anguish approve bask beware bleed bother care
cheer cringe cry delight despair disapprove enthuse exult
fear feel fret fume gladden gloat glory grieve groove gush
hunger hurt luxuriate madden marvel mind moon mope mourn
obsess puzzle rage rave react rejoice revel rhapsodize sadden
salivate seethe sicken sorrow suffer swoon thrill tire wallow
weary weep wonder worry
"appeal" verbs
appeal grate jar matter niggle
"want" verbs
covet crave desire fancy need want
"long" verbs
ache crave dangle fall hanker hope hunger itch long lust pine
pray thirst wish yearn
positive judgement verbs
acclaim applaud bless celebrate commend compensate compliment
eulogize excuse extol felicitate forgive greet hail honor
laud pardon praise recompense remunerate repay reward salute
thank toast welcome
negative judgement verbs
backbite abuse calumniate castigate censure chasten chastise
chide condemn congratulate criticize decry defame denigrate
denounce deprecate deride disparage fault fine impeach insult
lambaste malign mock penalize persecute prosecute punish
rebuke reprimand reproach reprove revile ridicule scold scorn
shame snub upbraid victimize vilify
"assess" verbs
analyze assess audit evaluate rev