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名词性从句之主语从句教学设计
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江 西 省 赣 州 中 学
名词性从句之主语从句
学科（版本）
人教新课标高中英语
必修3 Unit 4& Astronomy: the science of the stars 之
Discovering useful structures
新课程标准下的英语语法教学要坚持以下几点:
１、面对全体学生, 注重素质教育。强调&知识与技能、过程与方法以及情感态度价值观&三位一体的课程功能, 关注每一个学生的情感,激发学习兴趣, 培养有效的学习策略, 形成一定的综合语言运用能力。
２、突出学生主体, 尊重个体差异。教师要让学生自己感受、观察、分析、思考, 从而使他们自己明白事理, 自己掌握规律。
３、采用活动途径,倡导体验参与。创设语言环境,提供大量的实践机会, 使学生形成语感; 提倡&任务型&教学思想, 把综合语言运用能力的培养体现在教学过程中; 使学生带着明确的任务目标, 积极主动地进行学习; 在执行任务中, 学生通过实践、思考、调查、讨论、交流、合作等方式学习和使用英语, 完成学习任务。
新课程的语法主要是在课文语境中出现，名词性从句主要分布在Module3 Unit3-unit5的课文中，在Unit3学习过宾语从句和表语从句，有了一定的名词性从句的基础。在Unit4 How Life Began on the Earth 这篇课文中出现较多的主语从句，学习完这篇课文后，学生对主语从句有了一些基本的理解，在语法教学时可以从课文中的句子入手，引导学生去发现并归纳总结。
该班学生学习过名词性从句的宾语从句和表语从句，所以，有一些关于名词性从句的知识积累。大多数学生能够借助教师的语言提示及例子提示发现、归纳新的语法现象。
他们自分班后已有一段时间，也基本适应了新老师和新同学，能够积极参与一些小组活动，进行讨论。但是，班级层次分明，有些基础较弱的同学对语法还是有一些恐惧的心理，所以，在教学中要尽可能让语法内容深入浅出，努力让每个同学都能参与。
☆& 能正确选用主语从句的引导词 ；
☆& 能够掌握主语从句中需要注意的几个问题，尤其是形式主语的应用；
☆& 能够在写作中应用主语从句。
☆ 主语从句中引导词的正确选用；
☆ 主语从句在写作中的应用。
三维目标：
Ⅰ、知识目标
☆ 掌握主语从句的基本概念
☆ 理解主语从句引导词的选用
☆ 掌握主语从句中it作形式主语的句型
Ⅱ、 能力目标
☆ 能够正确选用主语从句的引导词
☆ 能够在写作中应用主语从句
Ⅲ、 情感目标
☆ 通过这些实例让同学们感受到主语从句的魅力，从而在写作中自主地选择使用主语从句，提升文章质量。
尽可能创设情境，让同学们去发现，探索，归纳出语法规律，让他们在语境中理解语法，应用语法。因此，本课我主要采用以下几种教学方法：任务型教学法，交际法，合作探究法等等。
1、多媒体辅助：将本课所需要的素材制成PPT课件，使抽象的语言变得直观，为学生运用英语进行交际创设情景。
2、形成性评价：在教学过程中渗透形成性评价，充分发挥其积极作用，课堂上采用小组竞赛的形式，充分激发学生的学习积极性，让每一个同学都参与到课堂上来。
& & & & & 教学过程设计 &
1. Greetings;
2. Revision:
Present five sentences and ask students to find out subjects in the following sentences.
1). The price of gold has gone down.
2). He looks happy today.
3). To see is to believe.
4). Listening to music is good for our health.
5). What he did made his father angry.
通过复习什么是主语及哪些词可以作主语，来加深主语的印象，从而引出主语从句的概念。
Step2 Understand
the subject
Task1:Find out subject clauses in the following sentences.
1).What it was to become was a mystery&.
2).&it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.
3).What scientists think is that the earth was different because of &on its surface.
4). Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
5).Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
Task 2: Combine the sentences using subject clauses.
1). Do the other astronomers accept his ideas?&
It remains a question.
2). Why is the earth becoming warmer?
It is an important topic for research.
3). Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.
What a surprise!
回顾课文中出现的含有主语从句的句子，要求同学们找出主语从句，加深对主语从句的理解，并通过利用主语从句来组合句子的练习巩固对主语从句的认识。
Present the introductory words.
1. Present the introductory words
(不作成分）
&that, whether,
（作成分）
&what,who,whom,whose,which, wh+ever
（作状语）
&when, where, how, why, Wh+ever
2. Finish some exercises
Task 1 : Fill in the blanks with proper introductory words
1). _______we need is more time.
2)._________ was said here must be kept secret.
3).________can join in the sport meet is decided by the teacher.
4).__________ it will rain or not is not clear.
5). ______ the earth is a solid ball is known to us all.
6)._________ breaks the law will be punished.
7). It is obvious _____they are badly in need of help.
8)._________the trees will be planted has not been decided.
9). ___________ you come my home is welcome.
Task 2 : Make a sentence with the help of the following pictures and words
1). What the cat did made the baby cry.
2). Whether he is my child remains a question.
3). How Du Lala becomes successful depends on her hard work.
4). Whoever sees the girl is attracted by her.
5). It is reported that an earthquake broke out in Ya&an on April 20, 2013.
利用表格的形式对主语从句的引导词进行分类归纳；再通过一些用恰当的引导词的填空的练习帮助同学们巩固引导的正确选用；最后，要求同学们在一些图片和文字信息的帮助下编造句子，，在一定的情境中升华所学的知识。
Step4 Present some problems deserving attention.
Focus 1: 由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 &头重脚轻&, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。
1) It is + n. +从句
　 It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是&&
　 It is a surprise that&令人惊奇的是&
　 It is a fact that& &&&&&是事实&&&&
&& It is common knowledge / sense that& 是常识
2) It is + adj. +从句
　 It&s certain that&&&&& 肯定&
　 It is possible that...& 很可能&&
　 It is unlikely that...& 不可能&&
&&&& It is obvious that& 很明显&
&&&& It is strange/necessary /important /natural/... that&
3) It +不及物动词+从句
&&& It happened that...&&&&&&&&&& 碰巧&&
&&& It occurred to me that&我突然想起&
4) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that...&&&&&&&&& 据说&&
It is known to all that...& 众所周知&&
It is reported that...& 据报道&&
It is believed that...据信&&;人们相信&&
It is suggested/advised/recommended that + (should）do... 建议&&
It must be admitted that&必须承认&&
It cannot be denied that& 不可否认&& 　　
It must be pointed out that&需指出的是&& 　
Focus 2: 主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。
Focus 3: 连词that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。
Focus 4: whether可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能. 然而，如果有it作形式主语的话，两者皆可用。
Focus 5: 主语从句的谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。
Focus 6: what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。
在同学们对主语从句有一定的了解之后，提醒他们在应用中需要注意的几个问题是很有必要，这样可以帮助他们准确地使用主语从句。
The application of subject clauses in NMET
主语从句在高考题中的应用
【2012全国】1. It is by no means clear&&&&&& the president can do to end the strike.
&& A. how&&& B. which&& C. that&& &D. what
【2012湖南】2. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn&t matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
&A. why&&&&& B. how&&&&& C. whether&&&&& D. when
【2012天津】3. It doesn&t matter ____ you turn right or left at the crossing&both roads lead to the park.
&A. whether&&&&& B. how&&&& C. if&&&&&&&& D. when
【2012安徽】4. The limits of a person&s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
&A. where&&&& B. whether&&&& C. that&&&& D. why
【2012江西】5. It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether&&&&& B. where&&&&& C. which&&&&& D. that
【 2011北京卷】6. __________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which&&&&& &&&&&& B. What&&&&&&&&& C. That&&& &&&&& D. Whom
【 2011江苏卷】7. It was never clear _______ the man hadn&t reported the accident sooner.
&&&&& A. that&&&&&& B. how&&&& &&&&C. when&&&&&&& D. why
【 2011湖南卷】8. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
&&&& A. what&&&&& B. that&&&&&& C. which&&&&& D. why
名词性从句包括主语从句是高考的热点之一，借助近两年相关知识考查的高考题练习，让同学们正面接触高考，不但可以提高他们的认识，也可以增强学生们的积极性和信心。
The application of subject clauses in composition
主语从句在写作中的应用
1.开头句式：句型+自编名言
It is universally acknowledged that& 公认&
It goes without saying that&&&&&&&& 不用说&
2. 结尾提建议的句式：
&As far as I am concerned, it is necessary that&.
It is suggested/recommended that&
It is high time that we should take some measures.
It is necessary/important/vital that sb. should&
3. what 引导的主语从句
What impressed/surprised me most is &
What is more serious is that&& 更严重的是&&
What is important is that&
In my opinion, what &has a positive influence on their children&s development.
在一定的情境中学习语法，可以加深理解，也能避免语法学习的枯燥，找到学以致用的感觉。
Step7 Homework
Write a composition based on the following information. Please use some noun clauses as possible as you can.
在网络游戏的冲击下， 曾经陪伴过几代人的传统游戏（如捉迷藏）日渐消失。学校、家庭乃至社会应该创造条件让这些传统游戏回归，让孩子们在这些游戏中体验童年的快乐。请你据此写一篇120词左右的英语短文，并发表你的看法。
参考词汇：捉迷藏hide-and-seek
通过&呼吁传统游戏回归&这个热点话题，要求同学们用所学的名词性从句包括主语从句，不仅可以充分运用所学的知识，还能引起同学们对这个话题的关注，深化认识，从而达成&远离网络游戏，亲近自然&的共识。
Step 8 Reflection
通过在情境中学习主语从句，让同学们自主归纳相关语法规则，加深了同学们对主语从句的理解，让他们觉得语法学习不是那么枯燥，也没有想象中那么难。这节课努力创造一种在快乐中，在合作中学习语法的氛围，深入浅出，学以致用，增强了同学们对语法学习的热情和信心。然而，要做到灵活应用，光靠一节课是不够的，还需要在以后的学习中不断应用，加以巩固。
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文明上网,理智发言&
一四类名词从句
在英文中，名词或名词短语主要充当四种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语。如果把句子当做名词来用，分别在另一个句子当中做主语、表语、宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语）和同位语，于是构成四种从句。因此我们说名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句必须用陈述句语序,也就是说, (疑问词)&+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其它.
主从复合句
The book is interesting
What I am reading is interesting
I believe his words.
I believe what he said
English is a useful tool.
The book is what I want.
I like the book Gone with the Wind
The mother must accept the fact that her baby is deaf.
同位语从句
陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句可以充当名词性从句
The Earth is round.
That the earth is round is a fact.
一般疑问句
Does he need my help ?
I don’t know whether he needs my help.
特殊疑问句
Where did he go?
I don’t know where he went.
引导名词性从句的常用连词
对应于陈述句
在句子中不作为成分
连词whether , if
对应于一般疑问句
在句子中不作为成分
副词when, where, why, how
代词 who, whom, what, which, whose
对应于特殊疑问句
状语：when, where, why, how
主语、宾语、表语：what whom, what
定语：which, whose，后面接名词
陈述句可以分别充当四种句子的成分
对于陈述句我们需要在句首加上that，然后把that+陈述句这个结构分别放在另一个句子的四种位置构成四种名词从句
一主语从句
把that+陈述句这个结构放在主语位置
That English is difficultis not my idea.有人认为英语很难，我可不这么认为
That the world is round is a fact.
That the moon itself does not give off light is common knowledge.
更常见的是用it作为形式主语放在句首，将主语从句放在句末
It is obvious that he doesn’t understand English.
It is a fact that the world is round
It is common knowledge that the moon itself does not give off light.
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
It is common knowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder is heard.我们先看见闪电后听到雷声这是基本常识。
It is shame that you did not pass the test.
&
主语从句的重点句型归纳
1 It +be +过去分词+that从句
It is reported that
It is believed that
It is generally thought that 人们普遍认为
It should be noted that
It has been found that
It must be pointed out that 必须指出
同样可以这样用的动词有：say, expect, know, estimate, forecast等
2 It + be + 形容词&+ that-clause
It is clear that
It is possible that
It is likely that
It is natural that
It is certain that
It is strange that
It is fortunate that
It is necessary that
3 It + be + 名词短语 + that-clause 例如 a pity /a fact/ a shame/ an honor, a good idea, no wonder .common knowledge
It is a pity that
It is a fact that
It is good news that
It is a good thing that
It is no wonder that
It is a shame that
It is an honor that
It is my belief that
It is a miracle that
&
二宾语从句
1 把that+陈述句这个结构放在宾语位置
I think (that) you are right.
We know that the world is round.
I think that a sound knowledge of grammar is indispensable to good writing.我认为扎实的语法功底对英文写作是极为重要的。
2 只有宾语从句中that才可以省略，主语、表语、同位语从句中一般都不省略that。
3 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
4 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等及物动词后可以接不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以接that引导的宾语从句。
I admire their winning the match. (对)
I admire that they won the match. (错)
5 作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
It depends on whether we will go.介词宾语中如果关系词whether, 不可以换成
I am not interested in what he is doing.
He will write a book on how Chinese people learn English.
6 that 从句作介词宾语只用于except that和in that结构。
例如：His report is correct except that some details are omitted.
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes.
7 作形容词的宾语例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
8. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如： We think it possible that the price will rise. find / make / see / hear / feel / think… + it + adj. / n. + that …句型中, it 作形式宾语, that引导真正的宾语从句, 不能省;
9 be sure / certain / glad / afraid / sorry / pleased + that …句型中, that 可以省;
Are you certain that you’ll get there in time?
He was disappointed that he failed to get the master degree.
10. what is / was the matter /wrong with sb作宾语从句, 不改变语序;
&Who knows what is the matter / wrong with him?
11. 有两个或两个以上宾语从句时, 第二个和第二个以后的从句必须用that引导.&She said she was pleased at her victory and that she would work harder.
12. 否定转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don’t think (that) the film is interesting.
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
I don't think I know you.　我想我并不认识你。
&I don' t believe he will come.　我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
&I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
&
三表语从句
把that+陈述句这个结构放在表语位置
My idea is that the child should be sent to school.
&
四同位语从句
把that+陈述句这个结构放在同位语位置
He was prepared to prove his theory that two different weights should fall to the ground at the same time.他想证明他的理论两个不同种类的物体将同时落地。
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.
The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.
注意同位语从句可能与所修饰的名词被其他成分分开以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
Word came that Hussein had been captured.
They spread the lie everywhere that tom was guilty of theft.
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.
这种结构在阅读文章当中常见，遇到时要认真分析句子才能理解。
Dreary months dragged by before the tragic news reached her that her beloved brother had been killed for anti-Nazi activities. 在狱中挨过数月苦闷的日子后，突然一天噩耗传来：她敬爱的哥哥在反法西斯运动中被杀害。
That 的重要性
That English is difficult is not my idea.
English is difficult is not my idea
如果不加that，就有两个谓语，意思就混淆不清，二英文中句子的核心意思主要靠谓语表达，一个句子只能表达一个核心只能有一个谓语。
&
He said no word at the meeting was strange.
He said that no word at the meeting was strange. 他说会上人们的发言都很正常没有什么奇怪的。
That he said no word at the meeting was strange.他在会上一言不发，很奇怪
&
一般疑问句可以分别充当四种句子的成分
一般疑问句要变为陈述句并且用whether/ if来引导
一主语从句
Whether he comes or not makes no difference to me.
二宾语从句
I don’t know if/ whether he needs my help.
三表语从句
My concern is whether he comes or not.
四同位语从句
They are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work.
&
注意： if只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可以引导四种名词性从句。
If 不和or not连用，whether可以。
&
特殊疑问句可以分别充当四种句子的成分
特殊疑问句变陈述句语序
There arouse the question where we could get the loan.
I have no idea when he will return.
Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.
一主语从句
September 11,2001 started out as an ordinary day, but what happened that morning will be forever etched in our memories. 911时间将会永远铭刻在人们记忆中
What we need is wholly new kind of police force.我们需要全新的警察机关
What he told you is true.
Who will chair the meeting has not yet been decided.
Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.
How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is.
&
注意 Whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句的区分。
whatever 相当于 anything that, 是 what 的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。例如： Whatever she does is ridiculous．
whoever 相当于anyone who, 是who 的强调形式，表示“无论谁；任何……的人”。例如： Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold．
whichever“无论哪个; 无论哪些”, 既指人, 也指物; 可以单独使用, 可以修饰名词, 也可以后跟of 短语。例如：
&&& Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others．
&&& Whichever book you borrow doesn't matter to us．
&
二宾语从句
The mother will buy whichever books her son wants.
You should vote for which candidate you assume best.
I have not decided whom I should vote for.
They gave who came to the meeting a pamphlet.
Could you tell me where the post office is?
We don’t know why he did not come yesterday.
&
三表语从句
Change is what keeps us fresh and innovative. Change is what keeps us from getting stale. 唯有变化才能使我们思维敏锐，富有创意，唯有变革才能使我们永葆青春。
The point is whose book is the most interesting.
Money is what we are badly in need of.
Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is mystery. Today is a gift. That’s why it is called the present!
The point is when you will become rich.
This is where our basic interest lies.
My question is where we are going to have our holiday.
The problem is how we can get the things we need. (how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)
The scissors are not what I need. (what 在表语从句中充当宾语)
That is what I want to tell you. (what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam. (why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
&
注意&可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等,
“That is why...”是常用句型，意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，
That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样，例如：
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree.
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由， “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. (第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因)
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. (第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)
四同位语从句
I have no idea who he is.
The question who should go abroad on this business tour requires consideration.
I have no idea when he will return.
There arouse the question where we could get the loan.
同位语从句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, discovery, information, word, message, thought, suggestion, answer, belief, promise, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。
We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own．
They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again
The news that his heath is failing made us sad.
I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
There is no doubt that he will come here again.
He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.
&
同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词后面，两者存在的区别：
同位语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现(相当于名词的作用)。 that引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当句子成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用whether、 how等连词引导(定语从句则不能)。
1) The news that they had won the battle soon spread over the whole country.&& ( 同位语从句)
2) The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. (定语从句)
定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰、说明先行词的性质或特征(相当于形容词的作用)，定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语，充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略)。　　
① We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.(how引导的从句表示其前面的名词the problem的具体内容，属于同位语从句)
② I can’t remember the problem that they have. (引导词that就是that引导的从句中have的宾语， the problem的具体内容也没有得到说明，故本句中that引导的从句是修饰problem的定语从句)
① I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother. (that引导同位语从句对fact的具体内容进行说明， that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)
② I won’t believe the fact (that) he told me. (that引导定语从句对fact进行限定， that在该从句中充当宾语)
① The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.　(that引导同位语从句对news的具体内容进行说明， that在其中不充当具体的句子成分)
② The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(句中的第一个that引导定语从句限定先行词news，第二个that引导表语从句)
① We have no idea at all where he has gone.(where引导同位语从句说明idea的具体内容)
② That’s the place where he was born.(where引导定语从句限定先行词place)
同位语从句
The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good.
（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）
The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导同位语从句）
I had no idea that you were here.（that引导同位语从句, 不能省略）
Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?
（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）
&
名词性从句考点透视
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其用法复杂,考查面广、量大,是同学们颇感棘手的语法项目,也是历年来高考的重点之一。现在让我们走近名词性从句,剖析其考查热点,探索其命题规律。
一、考查名词性从句的语序
不管主句的语气如何,名词性从句总是使用陈述语序。
No one can be sure ________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like　　B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what　　D. what look will man like
二、考查it作形式主语的用法
英语中为了使句子保持平衡,常用先行词it代替主语从句,而把主语从句放到句子的后面。
________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
　　A. There B. This　C. That D. It
三、考查关联词的正确选用
这是近几年高考的重中之重。解决这一问题可以从以下几点入手:
1.依据"缺什么补什么"的原则确定正确的连词
认真分析句子成分,看从句中缺什么成分,再根据语境和语义,选用恰当的连词。如果从句中缺少主语,指人用who,指物则用what或如缺宾语,指人用whom,指物用如缺时间状语用地点状语用原因状语用方式状语用定语用what或如果从句中什么成分都不缺,用that。例如:
　　I don't know who will be our English teacher next term.(缺主语,指人用who)
　　I know what should be done and what shouldn't be done.(缺主语,指物用what)
　　I'm sure that he will come tomorrow.(什么成分都不缺,用that)
　　Where he will go is still unknown.(缺地点状语,用where)
　　I don't know which / what topic I should choose.(缺定语,用what或which)
　　-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
　　-Is that ________ you had a few days off?
　　A. why B. when　C. what D. where
2.注意几组易混连词的使用
1) what与that
这是高考测试的一对热点连词,同学们一定要将其掌握。that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;what引导名词性从句时,除起连接作用外,还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语和定语等句子成分。
________ he said is true.
A. What B. That　　C. Which &D. Whether
2) whether与if
whether与if在引导动词的宾语从句时,两者一般可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及作介词宾语的宾语从句或后面直接跟or not时,只能用whether。
________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
3) "wh-+ever"与"wh-""wh-+ever"引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于名词/代词后加一个定语从句;而"wh-"如what, which, who, whom, when, where等除与前一种从句有相同的含义之外,还都有疑问意义。
① Eat ________ cake you like and leave the others for ________ comes in late.
A. who B. whoever　C. whoever D. whoever
② ________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
③ It's a matter of ________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句和定语从句都跟在名词后,极易为某些同学混淆。同位语从句是用来对前面的名词解释说明的,而定语从句是用来对先行词加以限制的;引导同位语从句的that在从句中不作任何成分,而引导定语从句的关系代词that则在定语从句中担任主语或宾语。
① Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
② Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
【Exercises】：
1. These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like &&&&& B.what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like &&&&&&&&&&&&& D. how our village looks like (89)
2.Can you make sure ______ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B.where did Alice put
C. where Alice has put &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.where has Alice put (90)
3. No one can be sure _____ in a million years.
A. what man will look like &&&&&&&&&&&&&& B.what will man look like
C. man will look like what &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.what look will man like (91)
4.--We haven't heard from Jane a long time.
--What do you suppose _____ to her?
A. was happening &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. has happened
C. to happen &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. having happened (91)
5.Go and get your coat. It's _____you left it.
A. there &&&& B. where &&&&&&&&&& C. there where &&&&&&&&& D. where there (92)
6._____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A.Whenever &&&& B.If &&&&&&&&&&& C.Whether &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.That (92)
7._____ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.
A.What &&&&&&&&&&& B.That &&&&&&& C.That fact &&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.The matter (93)
8.--Do you remember _____ he came?
--Yes, I do . He came by car.
A.how &&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&& B.when &&&&&& C.that &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.it (94)
9._____ we can't get seems better than ______ we have.
A.What , what &&&&&& B.What , that &&& C.That , that &&&&& D.That , what (95)
10. After the war, a new school building was put up _____there had once been a theatre.
A. that &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. where &&&&&&&&&& C. which &&&&&&&&&&& D. when (97)
11.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. However he is late
C. However is he late &&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&& D. However late he is (97)
12. Dr,Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember _____.
A.where &&& B.there &&&&&&&&&&&&& C.which &&&& &&&&&& D.that (98)
13.Why do you want a new job_____you've got such a good one already?
A.that &&&&&&& B.where &&&&& C.which &&&&&&&&&&&& D.when (98)
14. －－I,m going to the post office.
－－＿＿＿＿＿you're there. can you get me some stamps?
A. As &&&&&&&& B. While &&&&&&&&&& C. Because D. If (99)
15. ＿＿＿＿＿you've got a chance. you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that &&& B. After &&&&& C. Although &&&&& D. AS soon as (99)
16．－－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
－－Is that ＿＿＿＿＿ you had a few days off?
A. why &&&&& B. when &&&&& C. what &&&&&&&&&&&& D. where (99)
17. You should make it a rule to leave things＿＿＿＿＿you can find them again
A. when &&&&&&&&&& B.where &&&&&&&&&&& C.then &&&&&&& D.there (99)
18. We'll have to finish the job.＿＿＿＿＿.
A. long it takes however &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. it takes howewer long
C. long however it takes &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. however long it takes (99)
19. ______she couldn't understand was _______ fewer and fewer studnets showed
interest in her lesson.
A.What , why B.That , what &&& C.What , because&&&&&& D.Why , that (2000)
20. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ___________.
A.who is he &&&&& B.who he is &&&&&& C.who is it &D.who it is (2000)
KEYS: 1-5 BCABB 6-10CAAAB 11-15 DCDBA 16-20 ABDAD
【Exercises Two】：
1. Do you see _____&I mean?
A. that &&&&&&&&&&&&&& B./&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. how&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. what
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
A. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. what&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. which&&&&&&&&& D. why
3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A. what&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. /&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. how
4. Let me see _____.
A. that can I repair the radio&&&&&&&&&& B. whether -I can repair the radio
C. I can repair the radio&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. whether can I repair the radio
5. Keep in mind _____.
A. that the teacher said&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. what did the teacher say
C. that did the teacher say&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. what the teacher said
6. Could you advise me _____?
A. which book should I read first&& B. what book should I read first
C. that book 1 should read first&&&&& D. which book I should read first
7. He was criticized for _____.
A. he had done it&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. what he had done&&& C. what had he done&& && D. that he had done it
8. Would you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.
A. what had she seen in China&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that she had seen in China
C. what she had seen in China&&&& &&&&&& D. which had she seen in China
10. We took it for granted ___
A. that they were not coming&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that were they not coming
C. they were coming not&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. were they not coining
11. I really don't know _____
A. I should do next&&&&&&&&&& B. what should I do next
C. what I should do next&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. how I should do next
12. I'm afraid _____.
A. the little girl will have to be operated on
B. that will the little girl have to operate on
C. the little girl will have to operate on
D. that will the little girl have to be operated on
13. She walked up to _____ .
A. where did I stand&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&& B. where I stood&&&&&&
C. I stood there&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. where I stood there
14. Can you tell me _____?
A. who is that gentleman&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&& D. whom .is that gentleman
15. We'll give you _____.
A. that do you need&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. what do you need
C. whatever you need&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&& D. whether do you need
16. They want us to know _____ to help us.
A. what can they&B. what they can&&& C. how they can&&& D. how can they
17. We must put _____ into practice.
A. what we have learned&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that we have learned
C. that have we learned&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. what have we learned
18. Did she say anything about _____?
A. that the work was to be done&&&&&&& B. how was the work to be done
C. that was the work to be done&&&&&&& D. how the work was to be done
19. He was never satisfied with _____.
A. what she had achieved&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. had what she achieved
C. she had achieved&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. that she achieved
20. These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like&&&& B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like&&&&& D. how our village looks like
21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A. on that&&&&&& &&&&&& B. what&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. on which
22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
A. when&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. where&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. why&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. that
23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
A. what you did &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that you had done
C. that what you did &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. what did you do
24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw
A. what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. which&&&&&& D./
25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.
A. what 1 know of him&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that I do know of him
C. what do I know of him&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. that do I know of him
26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
A. whomever&&&&& B. anyone&&&&&&&&& C. whoever&&&&&&&&& D. someone
27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.
A. What&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. That&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. When&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Where
28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.
A. Who&&&&&&&&& B. The thing&&&&&&&&&&&& C. Whatever&&& &&&&&& D. Where
29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
A. if&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. when
30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
A. If or not&&&&&&&&&&& B. Whether or not&&&&& C. If&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. That
31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.
A. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. why&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. how
32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
A. what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. why&&&&&&&&&&& D. where
33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.
A. That&&&&&&& && B. When&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. What&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Whether
34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
A. if&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. whether &&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. why&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. that
35. It doesn' t matter _____he' s come back or not.
A. if&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. whether&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. when
36. It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
A. when&&&&&&& B. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. why&&&&&&&&&&& D. where
37. It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.
A. when&&&&&&& B. why&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. where&&&&&&&&& D. that
38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. What&&&&&&& &B. That&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. Which&&&&&&&& &D. The things
39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.
A. Anyone&&&&& B. The person&&&&&&&&&&&& C. Whoever&&&&&& &D.Who
40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.
A. Whether&&&&& B. If&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. Whenever&&&&&& D. That
41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.
A. That &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. Whoever&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. Whether&&&&&&& D. Whether or not
42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
A. What&&&&&&& B. Whether&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. That&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Whatever
43. Has it been announced _____?
A. when are the planes to take off&&&&&&&&&& B. that are the planes to take off
C. where are the planes to take off&&&&&&&&& D. when the planes are to take off
44. That is _____ we all support his idea.
&&&&&& A. what&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. why&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. where&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. when
45. That’s _____ we should do.
&&&&&& A. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. what&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. how&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. why
46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said
&&&&&& A. W what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. W what
&&&&&& C. T what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. W which
47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be.
&&&&&& A. when&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. why&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. what
48. That’s _____ I want to say.
&&&&&& A. all what&&&&&&&&& B. what&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. all which&&&&&&&& D. what that
49. That’s _____ .
&&&&&& A. where our differences lie&&&&&&&&&& B. our differences lie there
&&&&&& C. where do our differences lie&&&&& D. that where our differences lie
50. That is _____ .
&&&&&& A. where lived he there&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. where did he live
&&&&&& C. where he lived&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. that where he lived
51. The questions is _____.
A. whether is it worth doing&&&&&&&&&& B. that if it is worth doing
C. whether it is worth doing&&&&&&&&&& D. if it is worth doing
52. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.
A. how&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. which&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. what&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. as
53. That's_____.
A. how did I become a teacher&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. how I became a teacher
C. how a teacher I became&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. that I became a teacher
54. They are just _____.
A. that what shall I have&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. what shall I have
C. that I shall have what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. what I shall have
55. It looked ____.
A. as if it was going to rain&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that as if it was going to rain
C. as if was it going to rain&&&&&&&&&&&& D. as if that it was going to rain
56. That's_____.
A. how she did it&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that how did she do it.
C. how did she do it&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. what she did it
57. That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.
A. where&&&&&&&&&&&& B. which&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. why
58. That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.
&&&&&& A. where&&&&&&&&&&&& B. at which&&&&&&&&& C. there where&&&& D. when
59. My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.
A. if&&&&&&&&& &B. that&& &&&&&&&&&&&&& C. when that&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. that where
60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.
A. what&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&& B. that&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. why&&&&&&& D. if
一．名词性从句的连接词&&&&&&&&
1．that引导名词性从句时后面接完整的陈述句， that只起引导名词性从句的作用而不充当该名词性从句中的具体成分；引导宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略。
例如：She hoped (that) he would arrive on time.
That she was chosen made us very happy.
I have the belief that I will succeed.
（注意）that和what引导名词性从句的区别在于：
that在其引导的名词性从句中不充当任何成分，在有的情况下可以省略； what需要在其引导的名词性从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或者定语，而且引导名词性从句的what在任何情况下都不能省略。
例如：That he will succeed is obvious.&& (引导主语从句的that不在其中充当具体的句子成分)
What she told me is not true.&&&&& (what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语)
2. whether与if均可以引导表示“是否”之意的名词性从句，且whether与if均不在这种名词性从句中充当具体的句子成分。
在引导宾语从句时whether与if一般可以互换，但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句、放于句首的宾语从句或者名词性从句中包含or (not) 时通常只能用whether作引导词。注意体会下列例句：
I don’t know if/whether I can help you.
Whether we can really help you, I don’t know yet. (位于句首的宾语从句)
The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl’s feelings. (介词后的宾语从句)
The question is whether they can cooperate with us.&(表语从句)
The question whether he should come himself or send a substitute must be decided upon. (同位语从句)
The little girl asked her father whether she should go to the party or not.&(包含or not的宾语从句)
注意：肯定形式的doubt后面通常接whether/if引导的宾语从句，否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引导的宾语从句，例如：
I doubt whether it’s true.
I doubt if that was what he wanted.
I don’t doubt that you are honest.
She never doubted for a moment that she was right.
二．名词性从句难点：
(1)what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么……？”的问题，也可以表示相当于“名词/代词＋关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思，这种特殊用法在语法上被称作“关系代词型的what”，注意体会如下例句：
He is not what (=the person that) he was a few years ago.
This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City.
What (=the place that) is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.
Our income is now double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago.
The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning.
(2) 带ever后缀的疑问词除引导让步状语从句之外，还可以引导名词性从句(“no matter＋疑问词”的结构只能引导让步状语从句，不可以引导名词性从句)，注意体会以下例句：
Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.
You can give the ticket to whomever you like.
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(达士声名，贵家骄蹇，此好胸中一点无。)
谢谢，很独特的视角！
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信息量大，挺全面的啊
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