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1492年，哥伦布航行到达美洲，开启了世界历史的新时代，阅读材料，回答问题。
问题一：偶然与必然
有人认为，哥伦布是因为“迷路了”才偶然“发现”了美洲，也有人认为，当时即使没有哥伦布，也必然会有别人“发现”美洲
（1）据材料并结合所学知识，谈谈你的观点并说明理由
问题二：发现与相遇
15、16世纪以来，人们通常使用“哥伦布发现美洲”的提法，“发现”的意思是“使所有的人和所有的民族都并入欧美文明”。1984年，部分拉美学着倡议改称“美洲发现——两个文明汇合”。1992年，联合国教科文组织主张“两个大陆相遇500年”为主题，举行哥伦布航抵美洲纪念活动。
（2）“发现美洲”的提法是站在什么立场上看待哥伦布远航美洲的？“两个文明汇合”和“两个大陆相遇”提法的合理性是什么？
（3）结合史实，概括新航路开辟对中国的影响。
（1）答案一：考生将哥伦布首航的结果作为一个孤立的事件来思考。
观点：是偶然的
理由：哥伦布远航的目的地是东方（或印度、中国），结果却到了美洲。
（若答出其他理由，言之有理即可得分。只答出观点不阐明理由，不得分。）
答案二：考生能将哥伦布远航放在当时的历史背景下思考。
观点：是必然的。
理由：当时已经具备了“发现”美洲的历史条件。具体要点：商品经济发展；寻金热、陆上商路受阻；传播天主教；科技条件具备等。
答案三：考生能将偶然因素和必然因素相结合，全面思考问题。
观点：既有偶然性，也有必然性。
理由：偶然性的理由参见答案一。
必然性的理由参见答案二。
（应明确答出“既有偶然性，也有必然性”的观点）
（2）以欧洲为中心（或“欧洲人的立场”）
（若从“欧洲是主动的、优越的、先进的，美洲是被动的、落后的”角度回答，也可得分。）
站在全球的角度看待各种文明；尊重各种文明，平等对待各种文明。（若有不同答案，言之有理可酌情得分。）
（3） acooco.net.cn防止偷窃d①密切了中国与世界各地的交流。
&&&&&& 经济方面：扩大了中国的丝绸、瓷器和药材等商品的出口；大量白银流入中国，刺激了中国经济的发展；原产美洲的玉米、番薯等高产农作物传入中国，在一定程度上缓解了中国的粮食问题。
&&&&&& 文化方面：欧洲传教士来到中国，传播宗教的同时也把西方近代科学带到中国。传教士还把中国传统文化特别是儒家思想介绍到欧洲。
&&&&&& 政治方面：西方殖民者侵占中国澳门、台湾。
&&&&&& ②外部的冲击在一定程度上导致统治者采取闭关锁国政策，阻断了中国与世界的联系。
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　法显西游取真经
　　法显，俗姓龚，平阳郡武阳（今山西临汾）人。法显家中兄弟四人，其中三人都于幼年死亡，父母担心他也会夭折，便在他3岁时送进佛寺度为沙弥，史称他“志行明敏，仪轨整肃”，才识过人，世人观之莫不佩服。
　　佛教本源自印度，两汉时期由西域传入中国后，逐渐与以农耕文明为基础的中原文化相融合。由于印度佛经基本上口口相传，不立文字，从印度传到西域，再由西域传至中原后，与传入时的印度佛教产生了差异。公元399年（东晋隆安三年），65岁高龄的法显慨叹佛教传入中土后佛法戒律残缺，“欲令戒律流通汉地”，遂与慧景、道整、慧应、慧嵬4人从长安出发，沿丝绸之路北线亲往天竺（今印度）取经求律，瞻仰佛迹。第二年夏天，法显等人在河西重镇张掖与另一批西行的僧人宝云、智严等相遇，秋天到达敦煌，得到了敦煌太守李浩的供给。
　　穿过茫茫戈壁，法显一行又经停鄯善、于阗等西域小国西行，翻越葱岭，于公元402年进入北印度境内。在印度期间，法显获得《萨婆多众钞律》、《杂阿毗昙心》、《方等般泥洹经》等经文抄本。
　　万里蹈海归故国
　　公元409年冬，法显离开南亚次大陆，渡海到达狮子国（今斯里兰卡）。在这里，他居住了两年，抄得律经四部，遂决定启程回国。公元412年阴历八月底，法显搭乘两条由大秦（东罗马帝国）回国的中国大商船，与400余名乘客同舟蹈海东归故国。他们回国的目的地是中国著名港口广州，船上携带了自斯里兰卡经马六甲海峡到广州航行的50天的口粮和淡水。
　　两天后，船遇大风，迷失了航向。
　　在海上漂流了105天，所见尽是“鼋鼍怪异之属”，“大海弥漫无边，不识东西，唯望日月星宿而进”，到了南海的“耶提婆国”。在此居住了5个月后，法显一行启程西归。船行一个月后，突遇“黑风暴雨”。商人船主认为此行诸多不顺的原因是由于船上搭乘了和尚，硬要将法显推入海中。多位乘客挺身而出，法显免于一死。
　　经过两个多月的漂流，船上粮食、淡水耗尽，船又向西北航行12天，于公元413年5月13日到达青州长广郡牢山（今山东省即墨县）南岸。从前和法显一同西行求法的先后十人，此间或半途折回，或客死他乡，或久留异邦不还，只有法显一人最终回到了祖国。法显回国后，受佛教净土宗创始人、庐山东林寺高僧慧远之邀，南下东晋都城建康（今南京）从事佛经的翻译工作，直至逝世。有关西行事迹，法显回国后著有《晋法显自记游历天竺事》，后人简化为《法显传》或《佛国记》。
　　神秘的耶提婆国
　　法显的身后留下了一个谜团：那就是，这个漂流百日才到达的“耶婆提国”究竟是什么地方？
　　1761年，法国历史学家歧尼在法国文史学院曾提出《中国人沿美洲海岸航行和居住》的论文。以此为开端，在此后100余年里，西方各国历史学家先后发表了30多种论著，研究中国人是否在哥伦布之前到达过美洲，但讨论的焦点是晚于法显的梁代僧人慧深是否到过美洲。由于长期闭关锁国，西方史学界的这场大讨论在中国没有引起过丝毫反响。
1863年，法国学者阿贝尔—雷米萨翻译的法文版《法显传》在法国出版。1869年，英国学者萨缪·比尔又将《法显传》译成英文在伦敦出版。1886年，《法显传》的另一个英文译本由詹姆斯·莱治翻译出版。西方由此知道了法显的名字。
　　从19世纪末期开始，围绕法显到达的“耶提婆国”是什么地方，研究人员先后提出了50多种观点。《法显传》英文版的译者萨缪·比尔根据“对音法”，在印度梵文中发现了一个与“耶提婆”发音相近的地名“雅洼打帕”，然后再拿“雅洼打帕”去套法显可能经过的地方，认定“耶提婆国”应该是今印岬淖ν邸１榷难芯糠椒ê凸鄣愕玫搅艘院笱д叩娜贤５艚耙崞殴比啡衔ν郏蛴幸桓鑫侍馐悄岩越馐偷模河伤估锢伎ㄆ鞯?000多海里外的爪哇或加里曼丹只需十几天的航程，而在法显的《佛国记》中记录的万里之遥的“耶提婆国”却东航了3个半月。
　根据法显的记载，“耶婆提国”的信仰中“佛法不足言”，而此时在印尼一带，佛教已经流行了近700年，与史实不符，应当作为法显登陆地不是爪哇的一个旁证。
　　1900年前后，学术氛围活跃的法国史学界首先提出了法显早于哥伦布到达美洲的观点。此后不久，国学大师章太炎注意到了法国学界的这一新进展，撰写了《法显发现西半球说》一文，并作了相应的论述。在文章结尾，章太炎不禁感叹：“哥伦布以求印度，妄而得此，法显以返自印度，妄而得此，亦异世同情哉。”
　　法显漂到了美洲20世纪60年代和80年代，台湾历史学者达鉴三和卫聚贤也曾先后出版了《法显首先发现美洲》和《中国人发现美洲》，认为法显到达的“耶婆提国”实际上是今天的美洲大陆。1992年，人民日报资深记者连云山先生经30多年研究，出版了《谁先到达美洲》一书，从科学角度对法显曾经到达美洲的观点进行了论证。
　　连云山认为：从现行的世界海图看，从斯里兰卡到广州的航程是3070公里。在法显的时代，在通常三级风力的航行状况下，日航程为100海里左右，从斯里兰卡到广州单程航程约30天，即使遇到什么意外，最多50天也可到达广州，此可由法显所乘海船携带了50天的口粮作为旁证。由斯里兰卡到爪哇的距离是1800海里，在正常情况下是15天左右的航程。法显下海的时间是阴历八月，正值孟加拉湾、马六甲海峡和南中国海季风盛期，经常发生大雷雨天气，平均风力可达五六级。法显一行遇到的是“昼夜十三日”的大风，如果法显到的是爪哇，应该在10天左右到达，而实际上却漂流了百余日。因此，“爪哇说”在里程上站不住脚。
　按照常理，在船遇暴雨的情况下，船上的舵师（领航员）一定会遵循自己熟悉的航道行驶。因此，即使在有暴风雨的情况下，法显乘坐的船只也应当是沿着中国商人传统的航行路线：穿越马六甲海峡，在新加坡岛折向东北航行。但这样航行如果遇到强烈风暴，在进入南中国海至巴林塘海峡一线时，在大风和自西向东的海峡洋流的作用下，船就有可能漂入太平洋。
　根据法显的记载，船只在下海15天后曾经在一小岛停靠检修船只，随后的100余天则是行驶在“海深无地，又无下石柱（石锚）处”的汪洋大海中。连云山先生根据海图沙盘作业测算：法显等人检修船只的小岛应当在南沙群岛东，现菲律宾苏禄岛与太平洋加罗林群岛之间，或在巴布延群岛。此后商船的航行，则很可能是顺洋流进入茫茫太平洋。尤其是在法显的记录中，有“当夜暗时，但见大浪相搏，晃然火色”的文字，这正是在太平洋深海航行时大浪相搏激发的一种发光现象，而前文提到的“鼋鼍怪异之属”，则很可能是乘客们见到了近海浅滩少见的鲸、鲨、海豚、玳瑁等异类海洋生物。法显西归航行时遇到的“黑风暴雨”、“天多连阴”正是春夏之交北太平洋自东向西的大风雨。而“天多连阴”的迹象，则是北纬35度到70度、东经135度到165度的多雨多雾区，由此向南10至15度也是一个多连阴雨的地区。如果结合太平洋洋流等方面因素的影响，我们会发现：法显所乘商船最终的抵达地只能是美洲大陆了。
　　在海上漂流了100多天后，法显等人终于到达了陆地。北太平洋暖流的终点是墨西哥的瓜德罗普岛。法显到达陆地的时间应该是阴历十一月左右，此时美洲西海岸盛行西北风，要将船向东南吹。美洲西海岸从危地马拉到巴拿马大弯道处有西北向海流与东南海流在此相会，因此，法显在这里登陆的可能性最大。事实上，1000多年后，从菲律宾而来的中国明清商船也正是在这里登陆的。这里距离十多个世纪后哥伦布在美洲大陆的登陆地点只隔一道窄窄的巴拿马地峡。
　　公元1492年，意大利人克里斯托弗·哥伦布率领船队到达美洲东海岸外的某处小岛。10年后，哥伦布才因偶尔的机缘登上美洲大陆。而离他登陆地点几百公里远处，在他之前1000多年，已有一位中国高僧涉足了。
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首页 -& 网贴翻译 -& 美国 -& 正文 中国水手先于哥伦布到达美洲 Chinese sailor finds America before Columbus! 作者:wxy55639 发布日期: 浏览:13790
1楼 09:00&|
4楼 09:02&|来自
Zheng He was commanded to built a treasure fleet to go out and explore the regions beyond China. The shipyard in Nanjing was chosen as the place where the treasure ships would be built. According to some of the few remaining Ming records, the flagships of the fleet were 400 feet long and 160 feet wide. The treasure ships had watertight bulkhead compartments of a kind the West would have to wait hundreds of years for. They even had their own on-board vegetable patches, so sailors never got scurvy. Columbus's Santa Maria, was only 75 feet long and 25 feet wide!郑和负责督造一支巨大的舰队去探索中国以外的世界，船坞位于南京。根据明朝史料记载，舰队的旗舰4800英尺长，1920英尺宽，这支巨大的舰船有西方几百年后才做的到防水的舱壁分隔间，并在在船上有储藏蔬菜的地方，使得船员不会因缺乏维生素而得坏血病。相比之下，哥伦布的圣玛利亚号，只有900英尺长，300英尺宽。In 1405, only three years after receiving his instructions, Zheng He's treasure fleet set sail, with each flagship supported by countless smaller vessels going off in a different direction.
All in all there were over 300 ships in the whole fleet and 27800 men.
Amazing that all this shipbuilding took place in a 3 year period!
On the ships, were trading ite***ike silk and pottery, as well as concubines which were to be given to other leaders they met as gifts.在1405年，也就是郑和接到指令后的3年，庞大的舰队开始了它的远洋之旅，庞大的旗舰由无数的船只在不同的方向支持护卫，总计300多艘船及27800名船员，而这一切只在3年之内就完成了，在那个时代简直是个奇迹。在船上载有有丝绸及陶瓷等贸易物品，同时也有将赠送给当地首领做为礼物的美女。What is the evidence?The Nanjing Shipyards where these ships were built still exists and has been turned into a special park with a museum. It was only when some ancient Ming documents were found that China suddenly realised that they had once been a formidable sea power and had ruled the waves. For centuries all evidence of their naval expertise and explorations had been buried in the mud at the old shipyard. The museum shows some of the items that have been excavated to date, nails, ship building tools, masts and a huge tiller that will easily take 20 men to manage. A huge anchor, biggest I've ever seen was also found. Plans of the treasure ships and other small ships in the fleet have also been found. A map made in the 1700's, but based on a map from 1418 has also been found and shows that China knew about Africa, Europe, Australia and the Americas.证据是什么？建造这支巨大舰队的南京船坞至今还存在，并被改造成为主题公园，只有通过目前尚存的明朝史料的记载，中国才意识到他们曾经具有过不可战胜的海上力量并曾经统治过整个海洋。数个世纪以来，有关他们造船技术及探索海洋的书籍早就在船坞中被焚毁了。主题公园里的博物馆展示了挖掘出来的东西，船钉、造船工具、船桅以及巨大的需要20多个人才能操作的船柄，见到了我从来没有见过的那么大的锚，也见到了巨大旗舰及其他船只的平面图。一幅根据1418年的航海发现而于1700年制作的地图显示了当时中国已经知道了非洲、欧洲、澳大利亚和美洲。
5楼 09:03&|
And then of course, many Native Americans do have slightly Asian features. maybe some concubines were dropped off there.
It is believed as more old documents come to light, the proof of Zheng He reaching America will be undisputed.当然，许多土著美国人也有一点亚洲面孔，或许当时郑和将一些中国女人在这里卸下，有许多有依据的资料证明，郑和到达美洲是毫无疑问的。There is strong evidence to show Zheng He reached Africa. In Africa near Kenya today, there are tribes that are clearly Asian-looking. They also consider themselves as the descendants of Zheng He’s crew. Many Samoans have Chinese surnames and Asian features, so there's evidence the treasure fleet went there as well. Zheng He took an Imam on board, so it is believed that Islam in Indonesia was brought by Zheng He's treasure fleet.有很有力的证据证明郑和曾经到达非洲，在今天的非洲肯尼亚，有许多部落具有亚洲面孔。他们也认为他们是郑和舰队船员的后裔，许多具有中国人的姓氏和亚洲面孔，这是郑和舰队曾经到过那里的证据。郑和的船上带着一名伊玛目（伊斯兰教领袖），所以可以认为如今印度尼西亚的伊斯兰教是郑和传播过去的。Voyage DatesFirst Voyage ()Second Voyage ()Third Voyage ()Fourth Voyage ()Fifth Voyage ()Sixth Voyage ()Seventh Voyage ()航行日期第一次航行()第二次航行()第三次航行()第四次航行()第五次航行()第六次航行()第七次航行()Zheng He's voyages had a very large impact on the Ming Dynasty and the countries Zheng He visited. These seven voyages opened trade and diplomatic ties for the Ming Dynasty with many other countries. Frightened by Zheng He's fleet, many countries paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty hoping to buy peace with the Asian superpower. Can you imagine what you'd have thought, if you had spotted a whole fleet of ships surrounding a huge treasure ship with red silk sails and flags flying in the breeze, as it anchored in your bay.
From these visits, the Ming Dynasty acquired much power and wealth. Crews also brought back many tales of exotic lands and cultures, enriching the Chinese culture, already full of tales and myths.
郑和的航行对明朝及他所到的国家都产生的巨大的影响。这7次航行开启了明朝与很多国家的贸易和外交联系。由于郑和的舰队，许多国家开始对明朝纳贡希望与这个亚洲强权国家保持和平。巨大的旗舰和环绕在它旁边无数的船只，红色的丝绸风帆随风飘扬，巨大的船锚落在你的港口里，你当然可以很明显的辨认出他们。从这些访问中，明朝获得了大量权势和财富。船员们也带回了大量异域风情的故事，丰富了中国的文化，同时也带回了大量的神话与传说。The Chinese took crates of porcelain dishes, vases and cups, as well as chinese silk, gold and silver to trade.
Zheng He traded these items mainly for dyes, herbs, spices, gems, pearls, ivory, rhinoceros horns and exotic animals.
The giraffe they brought back was aparticular favourite as the emperor thought it was a unicorn.中国人带了成箱的陶瓷盘子、花瓶和杯子以及中国丝绸、金子和银器用来交易，用这些来换取染料、草药、香料、宝石、珍珠、象牙、犀牛和具有异域风情的各种动物。他们带回去的长颈鹿特别受皇帝的喜欢，他认为那是独角兽。
6楼 09:03&|
And then of course, many Native Americans do have slightly Asian features. maybe some concubines were dropped off there.
It is believed as more old documents come to light, the proof of Zheng He reaching America will be undisputed.当然，许多土著美国人也有一点亚洲面孔，或许当时郑和将一些中国女人在这里卸下，有许多有依据的资料证明，郑和到达美洲是毫无疑问的。There is strong evidence to show Zheng He reached Africa. In Africa near Kenya today, there are tribes that are clearly Asian-looking. They also consider themselves as the descendants of Zheng He’s crew. Many Samoans have Chinese surnames and Asian features, so there's evidence the treasure fleet went there as well. Zheng He took an Imam on board, so it is believed that Islam in Indonesia was brought by Zheng He's treasure fleet.有很有力的证据证明郑和曾经到达非洲，在今天的非洲肯尼亚，有许多部落具有亚洲面孔。他们也认为他们是郑和舰队船员的后裔，许多具有中国人的姓氏和亚洲面孔，这是郑和舰队曾经到过那里的证据。郑和的船上带着一名伊玛目（伊斯兰教领袖），所以可以认为如今印度尼西亚的伊斯兰教是郑和传播过去的。Voyage DatesFirst Voyage ()Second Voyage ()Third Voyage ()Fourth Voyage ()Fifth Voyage ()Sixth Voyage ()Seventh Voyage ()航行日期第一次航行()第二次航行()第三次航行()第四次航行()第五次航行()第六次航行()第七次航行()Zheng He's voyages had a very large impact on the Ming Dynasty and the countries Zheng He visited. These seven voyages opened trade and diplomatic ties for the Ming Dynasty with many other countries. Frightened by Zheng He's fleet, many countries paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty hoping to buy peace with the Asian superpower. Can you imagine what you'd have thought, if you had spotted a whole fleet of ships surrounding a huge treasure ship with red silk sails and flags flying in the breeze, as it anchored in your bay.
From these visits, the Ming Dynasty acquired much power and wealth. Crews also brought back many tales of exotic lands and cultures, enriching the Chinese culture, already full of tales and myths.
郑和的航行对明朝及他所到的国家都产生的巨大的影响。这7次航行开启了明朝与很多国家的贸易和外交联系。由于郑和的舰队，许多国家开始对明朝纳贡希望与这个亚洲强权国家保持和平。巨大的旗舰和环绕在它旁边无数的船只，红色的丝绸风帆随风飘扬，巨大的船锚落在你的港口里，你当然可以很明显的辨认出他们。从这些访问中，明朝获得了大量权势和财富。船员们也带回了大量异域风情的故事，丰富了中国的文化，同时也带回了大量的神话与传说。The Chinese took crates of porcelain dishes, vases and cups, as well as chinese silk, gold and silver to trade.
Zheng He traded these items mainly for dyes, herbs, spices, gems, pearls, ivory, rhinoceros horns and exotic animals.
The giraffe they brought back was aparticular favourite as the emperor thought it was a unicorn.中国人带了成箱的陶瓷盘子、花瓶和杯子以及中国丝绸、金子和银器用来交易，用这些来换取染料、草药、香料、宝石、珍珠、象牙、犀牛和具有异域风情的各种动物。他们带回去的长颈鹿特别受皇帝的喜欢，他认为那是独角兽。Why were the treasure fleets destroyed?为什么庞大的舰队消失了?
7楼 09:04&|
=================又很多发不出来，下面发评论吧~==================
8楼 09:05&|
评论：Amazing story! Chinese history is so fascinating and they were so far ahead of their time!这个故事太神奇了！中国历史如此辉煌，他们在那个时代遥遥领先我们！Yeah Shalini, and I want to know what happened, why did they destroy it all and then go into hibernation?
I find that fascinating! 回复楼上：的确实这样，我想知道到底发生了什么，为什么他们摧毁了所有的船只并开始闭关锁国？太神奇了！An amazing story and very well written. Had heard of Zheng He having visited America but didn't know about his other voyages. I agree it is a mystery why the ocean going fleet finished. However, I believe that he was beaten to America by one European namely Leif Eriksson这个故事太神奇了，写的非常好。我知道郑和曾经到过美洲但还不知道其他航行故事，我也对中国大航海时代的结束感到好奇，然而，我认为郑和是被利夫埃里克森（维京海盗）打到美洲的。He is a hero .He brought China and the world of communication, of the Chinese civilization to the world.他是一个英雄。他促进了中国和世界的交流，并把中国文明传播到世界。Thanks Candie, I live in Nanjing and Zheng He's shipyard is right here谢谢，我住在南京，郑和的船坞确实在这。Awesome Hub. Really great read! The mystery of Zheng...神奇的文章，很高兴读到，郑和真是个神话Zheng He was an interesting character as he came from nothing to achieve so much. I read somewhere that they think he was the original Sinbad the sailor, the one all the stories were based on.郑和是一个非常有趣的人物，他出身卑微却取得了如此大的成就。我在别的地方看到的文章说辛巴达就是以他为原型创造出来的人物。Zheng He isn't very well known. Most people don't know that the Chinese were the most powerful seafarers at one time.郑和还不是很有名，大多数人都不知道这个中国人是当时最牛逼的航海家I love the Chinese history and culture. Hope you do find out some time why they shut themselves off like that. Other countries have done the same, Burma, Vietnam for many years too. I believe their reasons were they didn't want to be corrupted with Western influence.我喜欢中国历史和文化。希望你能查到为什么他们要把自己封锁起来。其他国家比如缅甸、越南也封闭自己好多年，我想原因是他们不想被西方腐蚀影响。I'm not sure we'll ever find out why they burnt all evidence of the explorations. My gut feeling remains that it was plague-related.我不确定我们能否找到他们为什么要烧掉所有船只的证据，我自己认为还是与瘟疫有关。Hopefully, the day will come when children will learn about Zheng He the way they learn about Drake and Columbus.感谢这篇非常有历史价值的文章，希望有一天，郑和能够与达伽马和哥伦布一起出现在历史书上。
9楼 09:05&|
Wow, the Chinese sure had some big honkin' ships. And to think that ships of that size were later outlawed!By the way, cindy, have you heard how historians now think that a visit from this fleet to Europe was probably a major spark for the Renaissance? The Chinese may have closed their borders, but their influence was still being felt throughout the world.哇~ 中国人当然有如此大的船只，并且认为后来这些被认为是非法的。顺便说一句，你听历史学家说过郑和的航行成为欧洲文艺复兴的火花吗？中国人虽然关闭的边界，但他们的影响到整个世界。have heard that they probably visited France, Portugal and the Netherlands, but not the bit about the Renaissance. The Chinese described meeting very tall men with big feet, orange/yellow hair and big noses. At that stage, had to be somewhere in Europe or alternatively a Viking settlement still in existence somewhere at that time听说郑和的舰队曾经造访过法国、葡萄牙和荷兰，但是不知道和文艺复兴有关。据中国人描述，见到的了高个子、黄色头发、大鼻子的外国人，也许他们见到的是仍肆虐与欧洲的维京人。it's even more fascinating when there is a little bit of mystery involved有的一点神秘色彩使得这个故事更加神奇Very rich hub with nice illustrations. China has one the greatest history background especially their expansion to new lands. Thanks 非常详细的介绍。中国有着伟大的历史，尤其在扩张新领土方面，谢谢Right now this is my favorite of your hubs simply because I had seen reference to this story many times over the years but you wrote the details I was seeking. I'd never get sick of your China hubs!目前这是你的文章中我最喜欢的，我以前也听过相关的故事，但是你所描述的细节正是我所寻找的，你的关于中国的文章我永远看不够。Chinese have lots of secrets and mysteries！中国人有着太多神秘和神奇的故事Great job on your historical hub Cindy! a lot of info and great pictures. It is so interesting to see the kinds of stuff they used to get around back then.你的历史文章写的真好！有着大量的信息和图片。能亲眼看到那些他们曾经用过的东西真有意思As for the Asian features of Native Americans, I think the most commonly accepted explanation is the former existence of a land bridge linking Siberia and Alaska. That's not to say that this history of Zheng He isn't factual, a different source for the Asian ancestry of Native Americans doesn't negate the possiblity that this history is accurate in its essentials. And, in any case, it's a very fascinating, thought-provoking story. It reminds my of a used book I came across in a bookstore and wish to heck I had bought and kept: it proposed a theory that the tribes of Israel had also circumnavigated the globe. And then, of course, there's the old favorite: the Atlantis story.I love this stuff.至于土著美国人为什么有亚洲面孔，目前最普遍、人们最认同的观点是曾经在西伯利亚和阿拉斯加之间存在陆桥，但这并不意味着关于郑和的历史不是真的，不能否认土著美国人的来源可能有多种，从任何角度讲，这都是非常神奇和引人深思的故事。这让我想到了我曾经在书店看到过的后来又把它买走的一本书，认为古代以色列部落也曾经环游世界，当然，人们肯定会对这个话题感兴趣，亚特兰蒂斯，我喜欢这个故事。Most likely,they were spending too much money building ships that were not bringing back enough in the way of goods etc.. for it to be worth continuing! About the only ones making money were the builders of those ships.Then they may have lost a lot of them to storms at sea or could be the worlds ocean routes had changed,or could be all of the above!最有可能的解释是，他们造船花钱太多了，造成收不抵支。。。可能最挣钱的就是那些造船的人了，可能他们在海上的暴风中损失了大量的船，或者海上航线改变，或者是以上所有的原因Fascinating story! And I'm sorry to hear that he didn't get buried with his testicles? LOL I'm sure he'll survived without using it with the ladies then.神奇的故事！我很遗憾他的蛋蛋没能和他一起下葬，哈哈。我想他下辈子没法和女人**了The thought that Columbus was the 1st European in America is frankly hard to believe. Lief Erikson was in North America way back when. And when you hear stories of people today who row boats across the Atlantic, who knows what happened long ago. Thanks for introducing me to a real facinating character.说哥伦布是第一个发现美洲大陆的说法很难让人相信。利夫埃里克森（维京海盗）就常在北欧和北美之间穿越，当你听到说谁穿越了大西洋到达美洲，你就应该知道那是很久之前就发生过的事情了。感谢你介绍了这个一个神奇的人物。
10楼 09:06&|
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11楼 09:10&|
Most likely,they were spending too much money building ships that were not bringing back enough in the way of goods etc.. for it to be worth continuing! About the only ones making money were the builders of those ships.Then they may have lost a lot of them to storms at sea or could be the worlds ocean routes had changed,or could be all of the above!最有可能的解释是，他们造船花钱太多了，造成收不抵支。。。可能最挣钱的就是那些造船的人了，可能他们在海上的暴风中损失了大量的船，或者海上航线改变，或者是以上所有的原因这句话说得多么有当时明朝官员的立场= =
12楼 10:09&|
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